Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41408582›Full record

ArticleCardio-oncology (London, England)2025

Racial differences in breast cancer-specific mortality and CVD-specific mortality after breast cancer in post-menopausal women.

Kerryn W Reding, Alexi L Vasbinder, Richard K Cheng, Ana Barac, Yongzhe Wang, Warren J Szewczyk, Reina Haque, Tarah J Ballinger, Khadijah Breathett, Aladdin H Shadyab and 12 more

Abstract readLetter
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cardio-oncology (London, England), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors.

Kerryn W RedingSchool of Nursing, University of Washington, Box 357266, 1959 NE Pacific Street, WA, 98195, Seattle, USA. kreding@uw.edu.
Alexi L VasbinderSchool of Nursing, University of Washington, Box 357266, 1959 NE Pacific Street, WA, 98195, Seattle, USA.
Richard K ChengDivision of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Ana BaracInova Schar Cancer and Inova Schar Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA, USA.
Yongzhe WangBreast Oncology Division, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
Warren J SzewczykSchool of Nursing, University of Washington, Box 357266, 1959 NE Pacific Street, WA, 98195, Seattle, USA.
Reina HaqueDepartment of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Tarah J BallingerSchool of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
Khadijah BreathettDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Aladdin H ShadyabHerbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
Regina ShihRollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Tomas NunoDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
Robert A WildSchool of Medicine, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.
Xiaochen ZhangCollege of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Rami NassirSchool of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia.
Charles MoutonJohn Sealy School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
Dorothy S LaneRenaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
Lisa Warsinger MartinGeorge Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C., USA.
JoAnn E MansonDivision of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Marcia L StefanickSchool of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Michael S SimonKarmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA.
Veronica JonesBreast Oncology Division, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRacial disparities in all-cause mortality after breast cancer (BC) have been documented. While elevated risk of BC mortality experienced by Black women is clear, it is unclear the relative contribution of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality to the survival disparity in Black women.

methodsThis analysis from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) included 8,410 women diagnosed with invasive BC during follow-up. Cardiovascular (CV) events were defined as adjudicated myocardial infarction, heart failure, or stroke. Cause of death was determined through adjudication by medical chart review, ICD codes, death certificate, and/or autopsy report. 10-year cumulative incidence rates were calculated for CV events, CVD mortality, and BC mortality, stratified by race. Sub-distribution hazards ratios (sHR) were calculated using Fine and Gray models to account for competing risks.

resultsIn BC survivors (mean age = 70.9 years, median follow-up = 15.1 years), 8.5% self-reported as Black. Compared to White women, Black women had higher 10-year cumulative incidence of non-fatal CV events (10.9% vs. 8.2%, P = 0.001) and BC mortality (15.3% vs. 11.5%, P = 0.039). In contrast, White women had higher 10-year incidence of CVD mortality (7.2% vs. 10.1%, P = 0.001). BC mortality in Black women represented a higher proportion of death (35% vs. 20%), which was not true for White women.

conclusionOur study reinforces prior findings that racial disparities are experienced by Black women with BC. This may be in large part driven by BC mortality. However, if improvements in BC mortality are made to reduce this gap, disparities in CVD mortality may become more prominent due to racial disparities in CV events.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular diseaseMortalityNeoplasm - breastPost-menopausalRace

Identifiers

PMID41408582
PMCPMC12709838

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.