ArticleInternational journal of epidemiology2026
Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on Brazilian families: a countrywide population-based survey.
Article in International journal of epidemiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Social long COVID: impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on public health and policy in Brazil.International journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- EPICOVID-19 and EPICOVID 2.0: building knowledge on COVID-19 epidemiology during the pandemic in Brazil.International journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- COVID-19: lessons from Brazil.International journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Using an epidemiological lens to evaluate the impacts of COVID-19 in Brazil.International journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Co-production of informal settlement health: a community based participatory research program for building healthy communities in urban informal settlements of Salvador, Brazil.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic imposed a substantial disease burden, yet few population-based studies assessed its long-term impacts on families. This study estimated the pandemic's impact on family income, employment, school interruption, food insecurity, and death of family members in Brazil.
methodsPopulation-based household survey with 33.250 participants from 133 large cities in Brazil during May and June 2024. Households were selected using a multistage probability sampling design in each city.
resultsAmong respondents, 14.7% [95% confidence interval (CI):13.8%; 15.6%] reported the death of a family member due to COVID-19; 48.6% (95% CI: 47.1%; 50.1%) experienced reductions in family income; 34.9% (95% CI: 33.4%; 36.4%) reported that at least one family member stopped working; in 21.5% (95% CI: 20.1%; 22.9%) of families, at least one member interrupted studies; and 47.4% (95% CI: 45.9%; 48.8%) experienced food insecurity during the pandemic. These outcomes were more frequent among families with low income and with six or more members, except for the death of a family member, which was more commonly reported in households with higher incomes and educational levels. Job losses, interruption of studies, and food insecurity were more common in families led by women. Indigenous people experienced a high prevalence of food insecurity.
conclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated social and economic inequalities, with most impacts disproportionately affecting the poorest families, those led by women, and indigenous people. Conversely, the death of a relative was more commonly reported among the wealthiest families that include a larger number of older members.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.