Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41408894›Full record

Observational studyEuropean journal of heart failure2025

Contemporary medical therapy for heart failure across the ejection fraction spectrum: The OPTIPHARM-HF registry.

Riccardo M Inciardi, Maurizio Volterrani, Gianluigi Savarese, Muthiah Vaduganathan, Chiara Oriecuia, Carlo M Lombardi, Cristina Gussago, Piergiuseppe Agostoni, Pietro Ameri, Giuseppe Armentaro and 68 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract readObservational StudyMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in European journal of heart failure, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06192524 (OPTImal PHARMacological Therapy for Patients With Heart Failure), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06192524 unknown statusnot on this map

OPTImal PHARMacological Therapy for Patients With Heart Failure: The OPTIPHARM-HF Registry

Typeobservational_patient_registrySponsorAzienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale degli Spedali Civili di BresciaRan2022 to 2025Enrolled2,000ConditionsHeart Failure
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. The intersection of colorectal cancer and cardiovascular disease: shared mechanisms and clinical implications.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

78 authors.

Riccardo M InciardiInstitute of Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Maurizio VolterraniDepartment of Exercise Science and Medicine, San Raffaele Open University of Rome, Italy, and Cardiopulmonary Department, RCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy.
Gianluigi SavareseDivision of Cardiology, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Muthiah VaduganathanCardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Chiara OriecuiaDepartment of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Carlo M LombardiInstitute of Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Cristina GussagoInstitute of Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Piergiuseppe AgostoniCentro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Milan, Italy.
Pietro AmeriCardiovascular Disease Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
Giuseppe ArmentaroGeriatrics Division. AOU R. Dulbecco, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
Chiara ArzilliCardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy; Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.
Nadia AspromonteDepartment of Cardiovascular ad Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
Andrea AttanasioClinical Cardiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy.
Roberto BadagliaccaDepartment of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy.
Lucia BarbieriDepartment of Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Diseases, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Pier Paolo BocchinoDivision of Cardiology, Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
Francesca BursiCardiology Department, University of Milano, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy.
Matteo CameliDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
Martino CanoneroDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
Jeness S CampodonicoDepartment of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Teresa CapovillaCardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
Erberto CarluccioCardiology and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
Stefano CarugoDepartment of Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Diseases, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Vincenzo CastiglioneCardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy; Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.
Dario CatapanoHeart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, AORN dei Colli-Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy.
Manlio CiprianiMediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies ISMETT-IRCCS, Palermo, Italy.
Michele CorrealeCardiology Unit, University Hospital Policlinico Riuniti, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
Domenico D'AmarioDivision of Cardiology, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
Raffaele De CaterinaCardiology Division, Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, Pisa University Hospital, Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and of Critical Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Gaetano M De FerrariDivision of Cardiology, Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
Emilia D'EliaCardiology Unit, Cardiovascular Department, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy.
Luca Di OdoardoCardiology Unit, Cardiovascular Department, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy.
Michele EmdinCardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy; Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.
Luigi FalcoHeart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, AORN dei Colli-Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy.
Giulia FerranteDepartment of Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Diseases, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Alessandra FornaroCardiology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
Paolo FornaroInstitute of Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Gionata GuastamiglioCardiology Unit, Cardiovascular Department, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy.
Marco GuazziCardiology Department, University of Milano, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy.
Massimo IacovielloCardiology Unit, University Hospital Policlinico Riuniti, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
Massimo ImazioDepartment of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine, and Cardiothoracic Department, University Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, ASUFC, Udine, Italy.
Enrico IncaminatoDivision of Cardiology, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
Maria Teresa La RovereDepartment of Cardiology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Montescano (PV), Italy.
Sergio LeonardiDivision of Cardiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Marta MaccalliniHumanitas Clinical and Research Hospital IRCCS, Rozzano, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.
Giulia E MandoliDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
Daniele MasaroneHeart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, AORN dei Colli-Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy.
Marco MasettiHeart Failure and Transplant Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Alberto MazzoniInstitute of Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Marta MazzottaInstitute of Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Marco MerloCardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
Luigi MoschiniDivision of Cardiology, Ospedale Oglio Po, ASST Cremona, Casalmaggiore, Italy.
Filippo NovareseDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
Alberto PalazzuoliCardiovascular Diseases Unit, Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, Le Scotte Hospital, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
Maria C PastoreDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
Giuseppe PattiDivision of Cardiology, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
Roberto F E PedrettiUnit of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Department, IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Milan, Italy.
Stefano PidelloDivision of Cardiology, Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
Massimo F PiepoliClinical Cardiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy.
Giuseppe PintoHumanitas Clinical and Research Hospital IRCCS, Rozzano, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.
Luciano PotenaHeart Failure and Transplant Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Claudia RaineriDivision of Cardiology, Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
Filippo M RubboCardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
Mario SabatinoHeart Failure and Transplant Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Andrea SalzanoCardiology Unit, AORN A. Cardarelli, Naples, Italy.
Angela SciacquaGeriatrics Division. AOU R. Dulbecco, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
Michele SenniCardiology Unit, Cardiovascular Department, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy.
Paolo SeverinoDepartment of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy.
Gianfranco SinagraCardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
Barbara SposatoDivision of Cardiology, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Stefano TaddeiDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Alessandro ValleggiCardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy; Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.
Carlo VignatiDepartment of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Dario VizzaDepartment of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy.
Claudia SpecchiaDepartment of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Giuseppe RosanoDepartment of Medical Sciences, Centre for Clinical and Basic Research, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy.
Marco MetraInstitute of Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
OPTIPHARM‐HF investigators

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsDespite guideline recommendations, guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) remains underused and underdosed in patients with heart failure (HF) across the ejection fraction (EF) spectrum. The aim of this study was to evaluate GDMT use, dosing, and implementation in a contemporary, nationwide HF cohort. METHODS AND

resultsThe OPTIPHARM-HF (NCT06192524) is a prospective, multicentre, observational study enrolling adult patients with HF, across 32 Italian HF centres. Clinical characteristics, medical therapy prevalence and change after first visit have been assessed in patients with reduced (HFrEF: EF ≤40%), mildly reduced (HFmrEF: EF 40-49%), and preserved EF (HFpEF: EF ≥50%). From September 2022 to December 2024, 3054 patients (mean age 69 ± 12 years, 25% female) were enrolled: 56% with HFrEF, 21% with HFmrEF, and 23% with HFpEF. Among HFrEF, prescription frequencies were: 90% for beta-blockers; 19% for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi)/angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB); 61% for angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors (ARNI); 72% for mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA); and 69% for sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i). Less than 60% achieved ≥50% of target doses. Quadruple therapy was received by 47% of the patients. After first visit, there was an increase in prescription of all classes of drugs, and titration to quadruple therapy was attained in 64% (p < 0.001). Among HFmrEF, 88% were on beta-blockers, 34% on ACEi/ARB, 49% on ARNI, 63% on MRA, and 59% on SGLT2i. In the HFpEF group, 76% were on beta-blockers, 49% on ACEi/ARB, 18% on ARNI, 49% on MRA and 40% on SGLT2i. After the first visit, SGLT2i prescription significantly increased both in HFmrEF (74%, p < 0.001) and HFpEF (54%, p < 0.001).

conclusionsUse of GDMT remains suboptimal across the EF spectrum although the adoption of quadruple GDMT in HFrEF and of SGLT2i in HFmrEF and HFpEF increased in recent years.

Indexed as

Heart FailureRegistriesStroke VolumeAdrenergic beta-AntagonistsAgedAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme InhibitorsAngiotensin Receptor AntagonistsFemaleHumansItalyMaleMiddle AgedMineralocorticoid Receptor AntagonistsProspective StudiesSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsAdrenergic beta-AntagonistsAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme InhibitorsAngiotensin Receptor AntagonistsMineralocorticoid Receptor AntagonistsSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsEjection fraction spectrumHeart failureMedical therapyOptimizationRegistry

Identifiers

PMID41408894
PMCPMC12803666

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.