Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41409473›Full record

SynthesisFrontiers in oral health2025

The role of probiotics in preventing dental caries: a systematic review of clinical evidence.

Alessio Danilo Inchingolo, Angelo Michele Inchingolo, Irene Palumbo, Mariafrancesca Guglielmo, Lilla Riccaldo, Roberta Morolla, Francesco Inchingolo, Andrea Palermo, Gianna Dipalma

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Frontiers in oral health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. [Age-Related Changes in the Oral Microbiota].Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2026
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Synergistic pairing ofJournal of oral microbiology · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Alessio Danilo Inchingolo *Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
Angelo Michele Inchingolo *Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
Irene PalumboDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
Mariafrancesca GuglielmoDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
Lilla RiccaldoDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
Roberta MorollaDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
Francesco InchingoloDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
Andrea PalermoDepartment of Experimental Medicine, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.
Gianna DipalmaDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Probiotics have emerged as a promising adjunctive strategy for oral health, particularly in the prevention of dental caries, a multifactorial disease driven by ecological imbalances in the oral microbiome. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted for studies published between January 2014 and January 2025, focusing on the use of probiotics for caries prevention in children and young adults. Clinical trials and observational studies were included, and a qualitative synthesis was performed based on the extracted outcomes. Results: Twenty-one studies met the inclusion criteria. Most clinical trials reported a significant reduction in Conclusion: The current evidence supports the potential of specific probiotic strains to reduce cariogenic bacterial loads and contribute to caries prevention. Further standardized, long-term trials are needed to clarify the most effective formulations and regimens for clinical application. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO CRD42025646287.

Indexed as

bifidobacteriumdental carieslactobacillusoral probioticspreventionprobioticss.mutans

Identifiers

PMID41409473
PMCPMC12705589

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.