Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41413370›Full record

SynthesisInternational urology and nephrology2026

The impact of protein intake on kidney adverse events in critically Ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Yiyu Hu, Tao Xu, Jiaxin Wei, Penghan Zhu, Di Shi, Jihai Liu

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in International urology and nephrology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Yiyu HuEmergency Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Tao XuDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences& School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Jiaxin WeiEmergency Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Penghan ZhuEmergency Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Di ShiEmergency Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. shidi@pumch.cn.
Jihai LiuEmergency Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. liujh@pumch.cn.

Funding

he Central High-Level Hospital Clinical Research Special Fund of Peking Union Medical College Hospital 2022-PUMCH-B-109
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and serious complication in critically ill patients, significantly associated with increased mortality. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the impact of protein intake on the incidence of renal adverse events in this population.

methodsWe included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing higher (> 1.3 g/kg/day) versus lower (≤ 1.3 g/kg/day) protein intake in adult intensive care patients. PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched from 1980 to April 2025. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (RoB2) tool. Random-effects models were used to calculate the pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals(CI). The primary outcome was renal adverse events, defined as AKI or renal replacement therapy (RRT). Secondary outcomes included 28-day, intensive care unit (ICU), and hospital mortality.

resultsFourteen RCTs including 7,280 patients were analyzed. Higher protein intake was associated with a lower risk of renal adverse events (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.76-0.98; P = 0.02; I

conclusionsProtein intake exceeding 1.3 g/kg/day is associated with a lower incidence of renal adverse events in critically ill patients, but shows no significant association with a survival advantage. These findings support tailoring protein targets to balance nutritional adequacy against renal burden. Large-scale multicenter trials are needed to establish safe and effective protein thresholds. REGISTRATION OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS: The protocol for this meta-analysis was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD420250636693).

Indexed as

Acute Kidney InjuryCritical IllnessDietary ProteinsHospital MortalityHumansIntensive Care UnitsRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicRenal Replacement TherapyDietary ProteinsCritical ill patientsKidneyProtein intakeRandomized controlled trials

Identifiers

PMID41413370
PMCPMC13309375

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.