Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41415967›Full record

ArticleNature astronomy2025

Nitrogen- and oxygen-rich organic material indicative of polymerization in pre-aqueous cryochemistry on Bennu's parent body.

Scott A Sandford, Zack Gainsforth, Michel Nuevo, Matthew A Marcus, Hans A Bechtel, Ryan C Ogliore, Clive Jones, Gerardo Dominguez, Daniel P Glavin, Jason P Dworkin and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature astronomy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Nanoscale infrared spectroscopy reveals complex organic-mineral assemblages in asteroid Bennu.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  4. Ionic Liquid Biospheres.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Scott A SandfordSpace Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Moffett Field, CA USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6034-9816
Zack GainsforthSpace Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8180-3507
Michel NuevoSpace Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Moffett Field, CA USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1527-2669
Matthew A MarcusAdvanced Light Source Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA USA.
Hans A BechtelAdvanced Light Source Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7606-9333
Ryan C OglioreDepartment of Physics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO USA.
Clive JonesDepartment of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO USA.
Gerardo DominguezDepartment of Physics, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA USA.
Daniel P GlavinSolar System Exploration Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7779-7765
Jason P DworkinSolar System Exploration Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3961-8997
Timothy J McCoyDepartment of Mineral Sciences, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4573-3553
Sara S RussellPlanetary Materials Group, Natural History Museum, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-5531-7847
Thomas J ZegaLunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9549-022X
Harold C ConnollyLunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA.
Dante S LaurettaLunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2597-5950

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Nitrogen-containing organic compounds play key biological roles, and their identification in primitive astromaterials such as meteorites can shed light on the origin of life. However, meteorites are typically contaminated by uncontrolled exposure to Earth. Here we show that pristine samples returned from asteroid Bennu contain polymeric organics exceptionally rich in nitrogen and oxygen. These polymers contain a variety of functional groups including amines, amides, N-heterocycles, and aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, among others. They are seen in a carbonaceous vein with mineral inclusions and in multilayered organic sheets. Their morphology and composition indicate formation from pre-aqueous N-rich precursors and later modification during aqueous alteration. These findings demonstrate that asteroids like Bennu contain complex nitrogen-rich organic phases formed by pre-aqueous and aqueous processes, and they expand the known inventory of potential prebiotic extraterrestrial compounds.

Indexed as

Asteroids, comets and Kuiper beltAstrobiologyGeochemistryMeteoritics

Identifiers

PMID41415967
PMCPMC12708357

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.