Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41416744›Full record

ArticleNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2026

Enhancing Engagement with Stop Smoking Services among Lower Socioeconomic Groups across the UK: A Qualitative Study using the Behaviour Change Wheel.

Pamela Smith, Lucia Dahlby, Evgeniya Plotnikova, Rebecca-Bell Williams, Rebecca Thorley, Rachael Murray, Fiona Dobbie, Tessa Langley, Ilze Bogdanovica, Kate Brain and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Pamela SmithDivision of Population Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4YS, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-0336-215X
Lucia DahlbyUsher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16, UK.
Evgeniya PlotnikovaUsher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16, UK.
Rebecca-Bell WilliamsFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK.
Rebecca ThorleyFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK.
Rachael MurrayFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK.
Fiona DobbieUsher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16, UK.
Tessa LangleyFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-9560-1148
Ilze BogdanovicaFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK.
Kate BrainDivision of Population Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4YS, UK.
Leah JayesSchool of Social Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4BU, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-5240-6286

Funding

Cancer Research UK, Policy and Implementation Research Team PICATR-2022/100010Health and Care Research Wales as part of the Wales Cancer Research Centre 517190
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionIndividuals who use a stop smoking service (SSS) in the UK are three times more likely to quit. Uptake of SSS is limited among lower socioeconomic (LSE) groups and efforts are needed to understand how to improve the appeal, acceptability, and accessibility of SSS.

methodsSemi-structured interviews with 114 participants from the four UK devolved nations who had a current or recent smoking history and who had previously accessed or may potentially access a SSS. Participants were recruited via Facebook, third sector organizations, and a market research company. Telephone-based interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. The Behaviour Change Wheel was used to develop the interview topic guide, inform thematic analysis, and identify strategies to increase engagement with SSS.

resultsBarriers included low awareness and understanding regarding the availability and content of SSS, a lack of free time to access SSS and negative beliefs regarding the efficacy of SSS support. Facilitators included more frequent and continued flexible support delivered using a range of modes, access to free Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT), and rapport with the advisor. Intervention functions were identified to address these barriers and facilitators via educational efforts to raise awareness of SSS, environmental restructuring to provide a flexible approach to delivery, and community champions to encourage and enable SSS engagement in the target population.

conclusionsProviding further community-based efforts along with a more holistic approach to delivering behavioural support and NRT has strong potential to maximize SSS reach, engagement, and acceptability. IMPLICATIONS: The current study provides insights into the barriers and facilitators to engaging with and accessing SSS among LSE groups and indicates that interventions to increase capability, motivation, and opportunity are required. Recommendations from this work for tailoring UK SSS for LSE groups can be used to inform future tobacco control policy including engagement strategies at a local and national level.

Indexed as

Smoking CessationAdultFemaleHumansInterviews as TopicMaleMiddle AgedQualitative ResearchSocioeconomic FactorsUnited Kingdom

Identifiers

PMID41416744
PMCPMC13101981

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.