Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41419203›Full record

ReviewAmerican journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology2026

The role of carotid bodies in opioid-induced respiratory depression.

Pedro F Spiller, Mateus R Amorim, Vsevolod Y Polotsky

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Pedro F SpillerDepartment of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-7331-9341
Mateus R AmorimDepartment of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-8490-4853
Vsevolod Y PolotskyDepartment of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-2951-7535

Funding

Melanocortin 4 signaling in the carotid body in obesityR01HL133100 · NHLBI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Vsevolod Y Polotsky, Wan-yee Tang · 2016 to 2026
$7.1M
Treatment of Sleep Apnea by Targeting Leptin SignalingR01HL128970 · NHLBI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI MENDELOWITZ, DAVID, POLOTSKY, VSEVOLOD Y · 2015 to 2023
$5.4M
Repurposing FDA-approved oxytocin to treat opioid-induced respiratory depressionUG3DA062506 · NIDA · GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI David Mendelowitz, Vsevolod Y Polotsky · 2025 to 2026
$4.1M
The role of the melanocortin 4 receptor in control of breathingR01HL174409 · NHLBI · GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI David Mendelowitz, Vsevolod Y Polotsky · 2024 to 2026
$2.5M
Chemogenetic approach to treat Obstructive Sleep ApneaR01HL138932 · NHLBI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI POLOTSKY, VSEVOLOD Y · 2017 to 2020
$2.4M
American Heart Association (AHA) 24CDA1270910Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) 2024/13971-9Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) 2025/03833-0HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) R01HL133100HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) R01HL174409HHS | NIH | National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) UG3DA062506NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL128970NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL133100NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL138932NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL174409
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Interest in respiratory stimulants has increased over the years. Research have intensified after the introduction of opioids that cause respiratory depression. In the most recent years, the indiscriminate consumption of opioids has generated concern and, consequently, there has been a growing number of studies focusing on respiratory stimulants that can mitigate opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD) without inducing withdrawal and identifying the molecular mechanisms. Carotid bodies (CBs) are polymodal sensors capable of detecting and responding to a wide variety of chemical stimuli, such as hypoxia, hypercapnia, hypoglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperleptinemia, among others. CBs have emerged as a potential therapeutic target to alleviate or eliminate OIRD. In this review, we present the most recent data on the mechanisms by which CBs may counteract OIRD. We also discuss whether CBs' stimulation may be a therapeutic target to relieve OIRD without affecting analgesia.

Indexed as

Analgesics, OpioidCarotid BodyRespiratory InsufficiencyAnimalsHumansAnalgesics, Opioidcarotid bodyopioid receptorrespiratory depression

Identifiers

PMID41419203
PMCPMC12832044

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.