Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41419244›Full record

ArticleBMJ global health2025

Exploring the perceived impact and influence of women leaders across sub-Saharan Africa on health policy and gender equity.

Anna Kalbarczyk, Milly Nakatabira, Katherine Banchoff, Islam Ahmed, Sualiha Abdulkader, Terefe Gelibo Argefa, Choolwe Jacobs, Helen Kuo, Malanto Rabary, Rosemary Morgan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ global health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Anna KalbarczykInternational Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA akalbarc@jhu.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-6143-8634
Milly NakatabiraInternational Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Katherine BanchoffInternational Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Islam AhmedInternational Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Sualiha AbdulkaderInternational Institute for Primary Health Care, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Terefe Gelibo ArgefaInternational Institute for Primary Health Care, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.ORCID 0000-0001-7591-9669
Choolwe JacobsEpidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
Helen KuoInternational Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Malanto RabaryIndependent Consultant, Antananarivo, Madagascar.
Rosemary MorganInternational Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionWomen make up a significant portion of the global health workforce but are under-represented in leadership roles. In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), 70% of the health workforce is women, yet only 38% hold leadership positions in health ministries. This gap can lead to gender biases in health research and policymaking, perpetuating systemic gender biases. Despite these barriers, women leaders are making an impact globally. However, evidence of their impact is lacking.

methodsWe conducted an explanatory sequential mixed-methods study to identify perceptions of women leaders' influence and impact within the fields of reproductive, maternal, child and adolescent health and nutrition and immunisation across SSA. The study included a multicountry online survey with men and women leaders and key informant interviews with a subset of women leaders. Descriptive statistics were computed with SPSS, and thematic analysis was conducted using NVivo.

results408 women and men leaders completed at least one section of the survey; 34 women leaders participated in key informant interviews. Women leaders are conducting their leadership differently, using identity-derived power and the power of the collective to influence health policy and programme change. They have unique access to communities and can build trust with marginalised groups. Women leaders also prioritise women-centric and neglected health issues, demonstrating ethical responsibility through transparency, commitment to inclusion, accountability and maximising impact with limited resources.

conclusionThe findings from this study underscore the critical role of women leaders in advancing health policy and gender equity across SSA. Women leaders' impact can be amplified and enhanced through targeted investments that strengthen enabling environments, foster allyship, champion gender integration activities implemented by women leaders and support their unique networks. Such investments will benefit women and adolescent girls and contribute to achieving broader public health goals and sustainable development.

Indexed as

Gender EquityHealth PolicyLeadershipAdultAfrica South of the SaharaFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedSexismSurveys and Questionnairesdecision makingglobal healthhealth systemsimmunisationpublic health

Identifiers

PMID41419244
PMCPMC12716510

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.