Trial reportDiabetologia2026
Effects of combined intraduodenal administration of lauric acid and L-tryptophan on postprandial plasma glucose, glucoregulatory hormones and gastric emptying in type 2 diabetes: a double-blind, randomised, crossover study.
Trial report in Diabetologia, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The trial behind it
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aims/hypothesisIn healthy men, lauric acid (C12) and L-tryptophan (Trp), when administered intraduodenally in loads of 1.26 and 0.42 kJ/min (0.3 and 0.1 kcal/min), respectively, that are individually ineffective, stimulate glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and cholecystokinin (CCK), when combined. Both hormones slow gastric emptying, suppress energy intake and lower postprandial glucose. We have now investigated the hypothesis that combined intraduodenal administration of these nutrients reduces postprandial glucose in type 2 diabetes.
methodsIn a randomised, blinded (investigators and participants), crossover study performed in the University of Adelaide Clinical Research Facility, 11 men with type 2 diabetes (age: 69 ± 7 years; HbA
resultsC12+Trp, but not C12 or Trp, reduced overall (p=0.02) and peak (mmol/l; control: 11.1 ± 0.6, Trp: 10.3 ± 0.5, C12: 10.7 ± 0.6, C12+Trp: 9.8 ± 0.5; p=0.01) plasma glucose. C12+Trp slowed gastric emptying (p=0.001), and increased pre-drink plasma GLP-1, GIP and CCK (all p<0.05), without affecting insulin or C-peptide. No treatment effects were observed postprandially. CONCLUSIONS/
interpretationIn type 2 diabetes, intraduodenal C12+Trp lowers postprandial glucose, probably primarily by slowing of gastric emptying and mediated by GLP-1 and CCK. These findings support further exploration of nutrient-based gastrointestinal strategies to optimise glycaemic management in type 2 diabetes.
trial registrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ( www.anzctr.org.au ) ACTRN12623000778684
fundingJAS and VB were each supported by Adelaide Scholarship International stipends, provided by the University of Adelaide (JAS, 2021-2025; VB, 2017-2020) and CFB by a National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Senior Research Fellowship (Grant 1103020, 2016-2023). The research was supported by a Diabetes Australia Research Project Grant (2021-2022) to CFB.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.