Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41419971›Full record

ArticleArthritis research & therapy2025

Safety of JAK inhibitors versus other biologic therapies following anti-TNF failure in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Lorenzo Di Luozzo, Mariangela Salvato, Francesca Frizzera, Kiren Khalid, Margherita Zen, Andrea Doria, Roberta Ramonda, Alessandro Giollo

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Arthritis research & therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Lorenzo Di Luozzo *Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padua, Padova, Italy.
Mariangela Salvato *Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padua, Padova, Italy.ORCID 0009-0005-5809-6716
Francesca FrizzeraDepartment of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padua, Padova, Italy.
Kiren KhalidDepartment of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padua, Padova, Italy.
Margherita ZenDepartment of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padua, Padova, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-0835-1406
Andrea DoriaDepartment of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padua, Padova, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-0548-4983
Roberta RamondaDepartment of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padua, Padova, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-9683-8873
Alessandro GiolloDepartment of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padua, Padova, Italy. alessandro.giollo@unipd.it.ORCID 0000-0001-9355-7673

Funding

Ministero della Salute POS-T3_AN
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTreatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) frequently requires Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) and biologic DMARDs (bDMARDs) with other mechanisms of action (OMA) after tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) failure. Comparative safety data between JAKis and OMA in TNFi-inadequate responders (TNFi-IR) remain limited.

objectivesTo evaluate and compare safety profiles of JAKis versus OMA in TNFi-IR RA patients.

methodsA retrospective cohort study followed 305 RA patients (163 JAKis; 142 OMA) previously treated with TNFi for up to 24 months. Incidence rates (IR) of adverse events (AEs) per 100 patient-years (PY) and incidence rate ratios (IRR) adjusted for disease activity and previous bDMARD exposure were calculated using Poisson regression.

resultsAt baseline, OMA patients had higher disease activity (DAS28-CRP = 4.5 vs. 3.8), whereas comorbidities and other baseline characteristics were similar. Overall, AE incidence was higher with OMA (IR 111.6/100 PY) compared to JAKis (IR 65.3/100 PY; adjusted IRR 1.67, 95% CI 1.22-2.31). Serious AEs occurred more frequently with OMA (IR 11.7/100 PY) versus JAKis (IR 7.9/100 PY; adjusted IRR 0.41, 95% CI 0.18-0.95). Infection rates were comparable; herpes zoster occurred exclusively in the JAKi group during the initial year. Venous thromboembolism, cardiovascular events, and malignancies were rare and similar between groups.

conclusionIn RA patients with inadequate response to TNFis, JAKis and OMA showed comparable safety profiles over 24 months. Serious AEs were numerically higher with OMA; herpes zoster was more frequent with JAKis. No new significant safety signals emerged.

Indexed as

Antirheumatic AgentsArthritis, RheumatoidBiological ProductsJanus Kinase InhibitorsTumor Necrosis Factor InhibitorsAdultAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesTreatment FailureTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaAntirheumatic AgentsBiological ProductsJanus Kinase InhibitorsTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaTumor Necrosis Factor InhibitorsBDMARDsInfectionsJAKiRheumatoid arthritisSafety

Identifiers

PMID41419971
PMCPMC12717725

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.