Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41419981›Full record

Observational studyScientific reports2025

Population-based national incidence of thyroid dysfunction in Spain.

Silvia Patricia Alonso, Natalia Colomo, Ana Lago-Sampedro, Cristina Maldonado-Araque, Eduardo García-Fuentes, Carolina Gutiérrez-Repiso, María José Tapia-Guerrero, Inmaculada Rueda, Pilar Ocón Sánchez, Wasima Oualla-Bachiri and 11 more

Abstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors.

Silvia Patricia AlonsoDepartment of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Costa del Sol. Marbella (Málaga), Marbella, Spain.
Natalia ColomoDepartment of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain. nataliacolomo@gmail.com.
Ana Lago-SampedroDepartment of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
Cristina Maldonado-AraqueDepartment of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
Eduardo García-FuentesInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina IBIMA-Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, Spain.
Carolina Gutiérrez-RepisoInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina IBIMA-Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, Spain.
María José Tapia-GuerreroDepartment of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
Inmaculada RuedaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
Pilar Ocón SánchezDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
Wasima Oualla-BachiriUniversidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Facultad de Medicina, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga, 29071, España.
Alfonso Calle-PascualCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Luis CastañoCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Elías Delgado-ÁlvarezCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Edelmiro Menéndez-TorreCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Josep Franch-NadalCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Inés UrrutiaCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Juan GirbésDiabetes Unit, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Valencia, Spain.
Felipe Javier ChavesCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Eduard MontanyaCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Gemma Rojo-Martínez *Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
Sergio Valdés *Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.

Funding

Consejería de Salud of the Junta de Andalucía C-0060-2012Consejería de Salud of the Junta de Andalucía RC-0005-2020Instituto de Salud Carlos III CP20/00066Instituto de Salud Carlos III FI2100040
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Thyroid dysfunction is a common health disorder. However, data on its incidence remain scarce and geographically limited. This study aimed to assess the incidence of thyroid dysfunction in the Spanish adult population and factors associated with its onset. A nationwide observational population‑based cohort study was conducted, including 1,629 euthyroid individuals (not receiving levothyroxine/thionamides, and TSH levels of 0.2-5.0mIU/mL) at baseline (2008-2010), who were re-evaluated in 2016-2017. Multivariable logistic regression analysis assessed the association between incident thyroid dysfunction and potential exposure factors. ROC analysis identified optimal TPOAb and TSH cut-offs for predicting incident hypothyroidism. The age- and sex-adjusted incidence of hypothyroidism was 13.38cases/1,000persons-year (CI95% 10.52-16.25) for TSH ≥ 5mIU/mL, and 6.78cases/1,000persons-year (CI95% 4.73-8.83) for TSH ≥ 10mIU/mL. The incidence of hyperthyroidism was 2.65cases/1,000persons-year (CI95% 1.46-3.83). Female sex, age between 30 and 40 and > 60 years, TPOAb > 20mIU/L and TSH > 2.8mIU/mL were independently associated with new cases of hypothyroidism. The presence of obesity, diabetes or urinary iodine levels were not associated with the incidence of thyroid disease. Baseline TPOAb and TSH cut-offs best predicting hypothyroidism were 9.1mIU/L (AUC 0.654; CI95% 0.583-0.725; p < 0.001), and 2.03mIU/mL (AUC 0.702; CI95% 0.639-0.766; p < 0.001) respectively. This study provides data on incidence rates and risk factors of thyroid dysfunction in the adult Spanish population.

Indexed as

HyperthyroidismHypothyroidismThyroid DiseasesAdultAgedCohort StudiesFemaleHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedRisk FactorsSpainThyroid GlandThyrotropinThyrotropin

Identifiers

PMID41419981
PMCPMC12830987

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.