Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41420188›Full record

ReviewJournal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation2025

Social robots in cognitive and speech rehabilitation for children with cerebral palsy: a scoping review.

Aray Zhaisanbek, Saule Karibzhanova, Ihteshamul Hayat, Amina Abdikalyk, Amna Riaz Khawaja, Damira Mussina, Sourav Mukhopadhyay, Prashant Kumar Jamwal

Abstract readScoping ReviewReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Aray ZhaisanbekDepartment of Robotics and Mechatronics, School of Engineering and Digital Science, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan. aray.zhaisanbek@nu.edu.kz.
Saule KaribzhanovaSchool of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan.
Ihteshamul HayatDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan.
Amina AbdikalykDepartment of Computer Science, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan.
Amna Riaz KhawajaDepartment of Physical Therapy, Athletic Training, and Rehabilitation Science, School of Health Professions, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, KS, USA.
Damira MussinaDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan.
Sourav MukhopadhyayGraduate School of Education, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan.
Prashant Kumar JamwalDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan.

Funding

the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Grant BR27199433
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundChildren with cerebral palsy (CP) often experience cognitive, speech, and communication challenges that limit participation and daily functioning. Socially assistive robots (SARs) have emerged as a promising technology to support these domains, yet evidence remains fragmented across different settings, robot types, and intervention approaches. This scoping review aimed to map current research on SAR-based cognitive, speech, and communication rehabilitation for children with CP and to identify trends, gaps, and opportunities for future work.

methodsThe review followed the PRISMA-ScR framework. Six databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, and EBSCOhost) were searched for articles published between 2015 and 2025. Eligible studies involved children aged ≤ 18 years with a confirmed diagnosis of CP and used a social robot with interactive or socially oriented features as part of cognitive, speech, communication, or engagement-focused rehabilitation. Screening and data charting were performed by four reviewers. Extracted data included participant characteristics, robot type, intervention setting, rehabilitation domain, outcome measures, and key findings. Results were synthesized descriptively and thematically.

resultsTwenty studies met inclusion criteria. SAR interventions were delivered in clinical, educational, or home environments and commonly targeted speech production, vocabulary, symbolic play, attention, and social engagement. Across studies, SARs improved motivation, communication attempts, engagement duration, and participation. Humanoid and animaloid robots were both effective as adjunctive tools, with high acceptance among children, parents, and therapists. However, evidence is limited by small sample sizes, short intervention durations, heterogeneous outcome measures, and limited inclusion of children with severe motor or communication impairments. Few studies evaluated long-term effects or standardized rehabilitation protocols.

conclusionsCurrent evidence suggests that SARs are feasible and engaging tools that can enhance cognitive, speech, and communication rehabilitation for children with CP. To advance clinical integration, future research should include longer and larger trials, standardized outcome measures, personalization strategies, and assessments across functional classifications. Strengthening methodological rigor will be essential for translating SARs from prototypes into validated rehabilitation technologies. Trial registration Not applicable; this scoping review did not involve human participants in an intervention.

Indexed as

Cerebral PalsyRoboticsSpeech TherapyChildHumansAssistive technologyCerebral palsy/rehabilitationCognition/rehabilitationCommunication disorders/therapyHuman–robot interactionPatient engagementPediatricsRoboticsSocially assistive robotsSpeech therapy

Identifiers

PMID41420188
PMCPMC12831455

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.