Evidence mapPaperPMID 41422027Full record

Trial reportCardiovascular diabetology2025

Once-weekly semaglutide versus placebo for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease in Denmark: A long-term cost-effectiveness analysis based on FLOW.

Peter Rossing, Morten Lindhardt, Christian Klyver Tikkanen, Jyothi Menon, Juliette Cattin, Barnaby Hunt, Samuel J P Malkin, Barrie Chubb, Tina Damgaard, Rikke Borg

Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Cardiovascular diabetology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It reports registered trial NCT03819153. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03819153 phase3completed

Effect of Semaglutide Versus Placebo on the Progression of Renal Impairment in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease

Ran2019Enrolled3,533Registered outcomes22Posted comparisons1ConditionsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2ArmsPlacebo (semaglutide), semaglutide
PMID 36651820other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Peter RossingComplication Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1531-4294
Morten LindhardtDepartment of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6063-1718
Christian Klyver TikkanenNovo Nordisk Denmark A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4474-6237
Jyothi MenonNovo Nordisk A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Juliette CattinOssian Health Economics and Communications GmbH, Bäumleingasse 20, 4051, Basel, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0001-2528-4359
Barnaby HuntOssian Health Economics and Communications GmbH, Bäumleingasse 20, 4051, Basel, Switzerland. hunt@ossianconsulting.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5420-279X
Samuel J P MalkinOssian Health Economics and Communications GmbH, Bäumleingasse 20, 4051, Basel, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1306-7784
Barrie ChubbNovo Nordisk A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7271-051X
Tina DamgaardNovo Nordisk Denmark A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-8595-6187
Rikke BorgDepartment of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2283-3578

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe FLOW clinical trial recently demonstrated that the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist once-weekly semaglutide 1 mg was associated with kidney- and cardio-protective effects (the latter already shown in the SUSTAIN 6 trial) compared with placebo, both in addition to standard of care (SoC), in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study assessed the long-term cost-effectiveness of semaglutide versus placebo in people with T2D and CKD in Denmark, based on outcomes from FLOW.

methodsLife expectancy, quality-adjusted life expectancy, cumulative incidence of diabetes-related complications, and costs were projected over a lifetime time horizon using the PRIME T2D Model. Baseline cohort characteristics and changes in risk factors with semaglutide and placebo were taken from FLOW, with extrapolation over patient lifetimes. Outcomes were assessed for the full population and subgroups receiving/not receiving sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors at baseline. Quality-of-life disutilities and Denmark-specific costs (expressed in 2023 Danish Kroner [DKK]) were applied to capture the impact of diabetes-related complications and pharmacy costs.

resultsTreatment with semaglutide was projected to improve long-term quality-adjusted life expectancy by 0.60 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) compared with placebo in the full population and by 0.44 and 0.62 QALYs in subgroups receiving/not receiving SGLT-2 inhibitors at baseline, respectively. Differences were predominantly driven by a reduced incidence of kidney failure with semaglutide versus placebo. Semaglutide was associated with long-term, per-person cost savings of DKK 6,068 in the full population and DKK 9,212 in those not receiving SGLT-2 inhibitors at baseline, leading to semaglutide being a dominant treatment compared with placebo. In patients receiving SGLT-2 inhibitors at baseline, semaglutide was cost-effective with an ICER of DKK 19,167 per QALY gained.

conclusionsAdding semaglutide to SoC was projected to be highly cost-effective over the long term in people with T2D and CKD in a Danish healthcare setting, based on patient characteristics and treatment effects from FLOW. Trial registration NCT03819153, first submitted on January 18, 2019.

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Drug CostsGlucagon-Like PeptidesHypoglycemic AgentsRenal Insufficiency, ChronicAgedCost-Benefit AnalysisCost-Effectiveness AnalysisCost SavingsDenmarkDrug Administration ScheduleFemaleGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsHumansLife ExpectancyBlood GlucoseGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsGlucagon-Like PeptidesHypoglycemic AgentsSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsChronic kidney diseaseCost-effectiveness analysisEnd-stage kidney diseaseGLP-1 receptor agonistType 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID41422027
PMCPMC12862915

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.