Evidence mapPaperPMID 41422343Full record

ArticleBritish journal of cancer2026

A prospective investigation of early-onset colorectal cancer risk factors-pooled analysis of three large-scale European cohorts.

Ruhina S Laskar, Neil Murphy, Pietro Ferrari, Paul Brennan, Amanda J Cross, Marcela Guevara, Valeria Pala, Karl Smith-Byrne, Anne Tjønneland, Renée Turzanski Fortner and 6 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in British journal of cancer, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Ruhina S LaskarNutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, WHO, Lyon, France.
Neil MurphyNutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, WHO, Lyon, France.
Pietro FerrariNutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, WHO, Lyon, France.
Paul BrennanGenomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, WHO, Lyon, France.
Amanda J CrossSchool of Public Health and Department of Surgery & Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Marcela GuevaraInstituto de Salud Pública y Laboral de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
Valeria PalaEpidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5438-970X
Karl Smith-ByrneCancer Epidemiology Unit, Oxford Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1932-7463
Anne TjønnelandDanish Cancer Institute, Diet, Cancer and Health, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Renée Turzanski FortnerDivision of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
Tonje Bjørndal BraatenDepartment of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Therese Haugdahl NøstDepartment of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6805-3094
Guri SkeieDepartment of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Peter T CampbellDepartment of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
Marc J Gunter *Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, WHO, Lyon, France. m.gunter@imperial.ac.uk.
Kristin B Borch *Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway. kristin.benjaminsen.borch@uit.no.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1741-2322

Funding

Institut National Du Cancer (French National Cancer Institute) INCa SHSESP22-015, No2022-132World Health Organization 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) incidence is rising among adults under 55 years, but its causes remain unclear. Large-scale prospective studies are needed to identify risk factors for early-onset CRC (EOCRC).

methodsWe pooled three large European prospective cohort studies, examining 14 known or suspected risk factors with EOCRC (diagnosed <55 years, N = 1369) and later-onset CRCs (LOCRC) (diagnosed ≥55 years, N = 13,490). Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

resultsHigher body mass index (BMI, per 5 kg/m DISCUSSION: Adiposity, physical inactivity, smoking, and alcohol consumption are risk factors for EOCRC. Risk factors were largely similar between EOCRC and LOCRC, except for adiposity, with stronger EOCRC association in men.

Indexed as

Colorectal NeoplasmsAdultAgedAge of OnsetAlcohol DrinkingBody Mass IndexEuropeFemaleHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedProportional Hazards ModelsProspective StudiesRisk FactorsSmoking

Identifiers

PMID41422343
PMCPMC12905300

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.