ReviewInternational journal of women's health2025
Innovative Drug Delivery Systems for Management of Menopausal Symptoms: A Systematic Review.
Review in International journal of women's health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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Abstract
Menopause characterized by estrogen deficiency and has various symptoms, including vasomotor, genitourinary, and psychological manifestations. Innovative drug delivery systems (IDDSs) offer targeted approaches that increase therapeutic efficacy, reduce side effects, and improve patient adherence. To update our knowledge about Drug Delivery Systems (DDS) for decrease menopausal symptoms and its benefits compare with conventional systems. This review systematically examines the application and clinical potential of IDDS for managing menopause-related symptoms, with a particular emphasis on improvements in efficacy, safety, and patient adherence. A comprehensive literature search across multiple databases (PubMed, Em-base, Cochran, Scopus; 2001-2024) yielded 23 studies, including RCTs and observational studies on trans dermal, intravaginal, and Nano-based DDS s (patches, vaginal rings, nano particles) and Neurokinin-3 (NK3) antagonists. Transdermal systems, such as estrogen patches, maintained stable hormone levels and reduced thromboembolism risk by 30% compared to oral hormone replacement therapy (HRT), by bypassing first-pass metabolism. Intravaginal DDS s, like estradiol rings, relieved genitourinary symptoms with less than 1% systemic absorption, thereby minimizing endometrial risks. Non-hormonal Neurokini3 antagonists like fezolinetant, decreased VMS by 60% and benefited high-risk patients. Emerging technologies, like hydro gels, showed preclinical potential but lack long-term safety data. Adherence to treatment was better with sustained-release formulations, such as pellet implants, compared to daily dosing regimens. DDSs offer personalized menopause management, balancing safety and efficacy. Future research should focus on pharmacogenomics, equity, and long-term safety of advanced DDSs, especially those using nanotechnology.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.