ArticleFrontiers in immunology2025
CXCL9 and CXCL10 support the exacerbated humoral response in recovered COVID-19 patients who developed acute respiratory distress syndrome by promoting plasma cell differentiation, whereas CXCL9 also induces CD40L and CXCR3 upregulation on T helper cells.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- IFN-γ-Associated Signaling Networks in Interstitial Lung Disease Associated With Sjögren's Disease.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Review
- Glymphatic-meningeal lymphatic system imbalance: a peripheral-to-central inflammatory bridge in perioperative neurocognitive disorders.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Serum cytokine profiling reveals CXCL10 (IP-10) as a major predictor of severe COVID-19 outcomes in hospitalized patients during the first pandemic wave in Italy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
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15 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Severe COVID-19 is frequently associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and prolonged pulmonary sequelae. Persistent immune activation, including dysregulated B cell responses and increased proinflammatory chemokines, has been linked to the post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the mechanisms linking these factors remain poorly defined. Methods: Sixty patients were studied four months after acute COVID-19, including 34 who developed ARDS, 26 who did not develop ARDS, and 12 healthy controls. Clinical, computed tomography scan (CT), and diffusion capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCOc) assessments were performed. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG levels were quantified, circulating B cell subsets were characterized, and circulating cytokines and chemokines were measured. CXCR3 expression on B cells was analyzed by spectral flow cytometry. Results: IgG, but not IgM, levels were significantly higher in patients with ARDS than in patients without ARDS. Both COVID-19 groups showed a reduction in CD19 Conclusion: Four months after COVID-19, patients with prior ARDS and persistent pulmonary sequelae exhibit sustained elevations of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10. Both chemokines directly enhance B cell differentiation into IgG-secreting plasma cells
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