Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41426422›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in psychology2025

The phoenix of phonaesthetics: the rise of an old-new research paradigm on the beauty of language sound.

Lukas Nemestothy, Vita V Kogan, Susanne Maria Reiterer

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in psychology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Lukas NemestothyDepartment of Linguistics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Vita V KoganLaboratory of Phonetics and Phonology, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
Susanne Maria ReitererDepartment of Linguistics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This review traces the historical, cultural, psychological, and neuroscientific dimensions of phonaesthetics-the study of beauty in language sound. Once considered too subjective or ideologically charged for serious inquiry, the aesthetics of language is now re-emerging as a vibrant interdisciplinary field that draws on linguistics, psychology, cognitive science, neuroscience, aesthetics, and literary studies. This review offers a structured synthesis of current debates, theories, and empirical findings, while also outlining methodological innovations, including bibliometric mapping. Contemporary research demonstrates that sound is not merely a transparent medium for meaning but an aesthetic phenomenon in its own right, shaping how language is learned, remembered, and valued. Advances in cognitive science, neuroaesthetics and psycholinguistics have given new empirical grounding to questions once considered marginal. From David Crystal's early discussions to modern work on sound symbolism, memory, and brand naming, evidence consistently points to the interplay between inherent linguistic values and culturally imposed norms. While aesthetic preferences differ across speakers and contexts, recurring patterns-such as the appeal of sonorous or rhythmic structures-suggest shared cognitive and emotional mechanisms. At the same time, language ideologies and the familiarity effect continue to modulate responses, underscoring the multifaceted reasons for aesthetic judgment. Reviving phonaesthetics therefore means more than cataloguing pleasant sounds. It invites renewed inquiry into why sound matters, how it contributes to identity, shapes evaluations of linguistic varieties, and allows speech to be experienced as art. In this light, language deserves recognition alongside music, painting, and literature as a legitimate subject of aesthetic appreciation. This review aims to highlight that speech sound can elicit emotion as powerfully as melody or color. The "phoenix" of phonaesthetics thus rises again-not merely as a study of linguistic beauty, but as a call to reimagine language as one of the arts.

Indexed as

aesthetic judgementempirical aestheticslanguage attitudes and ideologiesmusic and languageneuroaestheticspsycholinguisticssound symbolismspeech perception

Identifiers

PMID41426422
PMCPMC12714614

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.