ReviewFrontiers in medicine2025
Multifaceted mechanisms and targeted delivery of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in cardiovascular diseases: a translational medicine perspective.
Review in Frontiers in medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Hydrogels loaded with different substances for treating heart failure: a promising therapy.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
As cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, its prevention and treatment is urgent and new therapeutic targets are urgently needed. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exo) have emerged as promising nanotherapeutics due to their regenerative capacity, low immunogenicity, and multilineage differentiation potential. This review systematically integrates the therapeutic mechanisms of MSC-Exo in seven major cardiovascular indications, including myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, atherosclerosis, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, and pulmonary hypertension, while exploring advanced engineering strategies to enhance its efficacy. Through comprehensive analysis of current preclinical studies, we demonstrated that MSC-Exo mainly exerts cardioprotective effects by promoting angiogenesis, inhibiting apoptosis, fibrosis, inhibiting inflammatory responses, and regulating immune responses. In addition, we also highlight innovative delivery methods, including intrapericardial administration for immunomodulation, ischemic myocardium-targeting peptides, and functional hydrogel encapsulation that significantly improve exosome retention and bioavailability. The fusion of biological mechanisms and engineering solutions makes MSC-Exo a multifunctional platform for cardiovascular regenerative medicine, with emerging clinical translation potential through optimized delivery systems and precise targeting strategies, in order to provide new ideas for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases with MSC-Exo.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.