ArticleFrontiers in public health2025
Psychological distress in women with primary and secondary infertility: a comparative analysis of depression, anxiety, and stress.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Depression, Anxiety and Stress Among Women Treated Due to Infertility.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Anxiety, Social Support, Family Resilience, and Quality of Life Among Women Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization: A Cross-Sectional Mediation Analysis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Editorial: Cellular micro-environment of the endometrium: reproduction, embryo implantation, and placentation - from bench to bedside and beyond to tissue engineering.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL) are reproductive disorders frequently linked to psychological distress. This study compared the severity of depression, anxiety, and stress levels between women with PCOS and RPL and assessed their association with years of marriage. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study conducted a random sampling method on 157 women (PCOS: 70; RPL: 87) attending the Obstetrics and Gynecology OPD at IMS BHU, Varanasi. Psychological status was assessed using the DASS-21 scale, a reliable tool widely used in reproductive health research. Chi-square test and independent sample t-tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: Mean scores were significantly higher in RPL than in PCOS: depression (10.7 ± 3.5 vs. 8.8 ± 4.3, p = 0.003), anxiety (13.3 ± 3.8 vs. 10.7 ± 5.5, p = 0.001), and stress (12.3 ± 4.4 vs. 10.3 ± 6.1, p = 0.007). Marriage duration was significantly longer among women with severe depression (RPL: 8.4 ± 5.2 yrs.; PCOS: 6.3 ± 3.1 yrs), anxiety (RPL: 8.6 ± 5.1 yrs.; PCOS: 7.1 ± 3.3 yrs), and stress (RPL: 9.0 ± 5.2 yrs.; PCOS: 6.3 ± 3.1 yrs), all p < 0.05. Age was higher in RPL patients (p = 0.024); LH was higher in PCOS (p = 0.000). No significant differences were observed in AMH or BMI. Psychological symptoms were more severe among women with RPL, and a longer duration of marriage was associated with greater symptom severity. Marriage duration was significantly higher in women classified with severe depression, anxiety, and stress based on DASS-21 scores, indicating a correlational rather than causal relationship. Conclusion: Routine psychological assessment is recommended for women with PCOS and RPL. Early identification of psychological distress may help improve overall reproductive and emotional health outcomes in these patients.
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