Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41426698›Full record

SynthesisFrontiers in public health2025

Non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections in mainland China and Taiwan: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiology, species distribution, and drug resistance (2013-2024).

Xinru Xu, Yanyi Lei, Li Zheng

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Frontiers in public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Current Perspectives onInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Xinru XuDepartment of lmmunology and Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China.
Yanyi LeiDepartment of lmmunology and Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China.
Li ZhengDepartment of lmmunology and Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) represent an emerging public health threat in China. Despite evidence of rising NTM prevalence and significant regional variation, comprehensive and up-to-date nationwide data on epidemiology, species distribution, and drug resistance patterns have been lacking. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the prevalence, geographical and temporal trends, species composition, and antimicrobial resistance of NTM in mainland China and Taiwan from 2013 to 2024. Methods: Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, this systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO: CRD42024540102) included 43 studies (2013-2024) encompassing 17,959 NTM isolates from 225,733 suspected TB patients. Stata software was used for meta-analysis with a random-effects model; publication bias was assessed via Egger's test and funnel plots. Results: The pooled NTM prevalence among suspected tuberculosis patients was 11.27% (95% CI: 9.89-12.65%), with marked geographic variation: highest in northeast (24.18%) and southeast coastal regions (12.83%), and lowest in southwest (2.30%). Slowly growing mycobacteria accounted for 68.07% of isolates, dominated by Conclusion: NTM prevalence in China has continued to rise over the past decade and now exceeds many global estimates, with pronounced coastal-southern predominance. The persistently high resistance to standard antituberculosis drugs underscores the urgent need for standardized diagnostic protocols, mandatory NTM reporting, enhanced surveillance networks, and region-tailored treatment guidelines. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42024540102.

Indexed as

Drug Resistance, BacterialMycobacterium Infections, NontuberculousNontuberculous MycobacteriaAnti-Bacterial AgentsChinaHumansPrevalenceTaiwanAnti-Bacterial AgentsChinadrug resistancemeta-analysisNTM (nontuberculous mycobacteria)prevalence

Identifiers

PMID41426698
PMCPMC12714956

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.