ArticleFrontiers in veterinary science2025
Prevalence and characteristics of bladder wall thickening in dogs without lower urinary tract disease: an ultrasonographic study.
Article in Frontiers in veterinary science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Assessment of bladder wall thickness by ultrasound is influenced by bladder distension and body weight, complicating interpretation. In the author's experience, cranial or cranio-ventral bladder wall thickening is commonly observed in dogs without lower urinary tract disease. One of our main hypotheses is that this thickening reflects physiological mucosal folding, which becomes more pronounced as bladder distension decreases. However, bladder thickening remains poorly documented in healthy dogs. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of bladder wall thickening in dogs without lower urinary tract disease. Methods: Medical data of 136 dogs without lower urinary tract disease signs, undergoing abdominal ultrasound and urinalysis, were retrospectively reviewed. Ultrasound data included bladder wall thickening presence and localization (cranial, ventral, cranio-ventral, …, generalized), aspect of the luminal surface (smooth-irregular) and the urine, and bladder distension (empty, mild, moderate, severe). A wall thickness ratio (maximum/minimum thickness) was calculated in cases of asymmetrical thickness. Multivariate logistic regression ( Results: Bladder wall thickening was observed in 42.6% of cases, predominantly in the cranio-ventral region (22.1%), followed by the cranial (11%), generalized (8%), and ventral (5%) regions. Thickening was more frequent in mildly (29.4%) and moderately (10.3%) distended bladders. Significant associations were found between thickening and age (OR = 1.16), gastrointestinal (OR = 5.49), and renal diseases (OR = 5.57). Sterilized dogs were less likely to exhibit cranio-ventral thickening (OR = 0.36). The median thickness ratio was not statistically significant across bladder sizes ( Conclusion: These findings suggest that mild cranio-ventral/cranial bladder thickening is common in dogs without lower urinary tract disease with a median thickness ratio ≤ 2.0 and should not be confound with cystitis.
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