Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41428302›Full record

ArticleInsights into imaging2025

Differentiating CSF flow artifacts from pathology: an educational review.

Vivek Pai, Alexandre Boutet, Mikail Malik, Yash Patel, Sriranga Kashyap, Jurgen Germann, Kanchan Gupta, Bhujang Pai, Birgit Betina Ertl-Wagner, Bela Purohit

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Insights into imaging, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Vivek Pai *Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Alexandre Boutet *Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Mikail MalikTemerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Yash PatelTemerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Sriranga KashyapKrembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Jurgen GermannKrembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Kanchan GuptaDepartment of Radiology, Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India.
Bhujang PaiDepartment of Radiology, Sir H. N. Reliance Foundation Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India.
Birgit Betina Ertl-WagnerDivision of Neuroradiology, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Bela PurohitDepartment of Neuroradiology, National Neuroscience Institute (NNI), Singapore, Singapore. purohitbela@yahoo.co.in.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the neuroaxis is prone to a variety of artifacts. Familiarity with these artifacts and their respective mitigation techniques is essential for accurate neuroradiological interpretation. In this educational review, we focus on artifacts caused by the physiological flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which are encountered commonly and, depending on the context, may be beneficial or detrimental in diagnostic decision-making. The pictorial examples provided will illustrate key cases with their practical implications. CRITICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: This paper highlights common CSF flow artifacts, including phase encoding artifacts, time-of-flight signal loss, entry slice phenomenon, and intravoxel dephasing, emphasizing their impact on diagnosis interpretation and mitigation strategies. KEY POINTS: CSF artifacts stem from flow dynamics, phase differences, or magnetic field interactions. Artifacts obscure or mimic pathologies, degrade image quality, or occasionally aid in diagnostic decision-making. Mitigation strategies are simple and intuitive, including modification of phase directions, employing alternate imaging sequences, and altering MRI parameters.

Indexed as

ArtifactsCerebrospinal fluidMagnetic resonance imagingNeuroimaging

Identifiers

PMID41428302
PMCPMC12722609

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.