Evidence mapPaperPMID 41428372Full record

ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2026

Associations of Metabolic Phenotypes with Cardiac Structure and Clinical Outcomes: Insights from the UK Biobank.

Balázs Bogner, Matthias Jung, Marco Reisert, Juliane Maushagen, Susanne Rospleszcz, Janis M Nolde, Christopher L Schlett, Fabian Bamberg, Andreas Kammerlander, Jakob Weiss and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Balázs BognerDepartment of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany.ORCID 0009-0004-8578-295X
Matthias JungDepartment of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany.
Marco ReisertDivision of Medical Physics, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany.
Juliane MaushagenDepartment of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany.ORCID 0009-0007-1224-1628
Susanne RospleszczDepartment of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-4788-2341
Janis M NoldeDepartment of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology), University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany.
Christopher L SchlettDepartment of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-1576-1481
Fabian BambergDepartment of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-7460-3942
Andreas KammerlanderDepartment of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Vienna 1090, Austria.ORCID 0000-0002-7632-9879
Jakob WeissDepartment of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany.
Jana TaronDepartment of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

contextMetabolic syndrome and obesity represent major cardiovascular risk factors, yet their combined effects on cardiac structure and clinical outcomes remain incompletely understood.

objectiveTo examine associations between metabolic phenotypes, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), and clinical outcomes.

designProspective study with a median 5.1-year follow-up.

settingPopulation-based cohort from the UK Biobank.

participantsA total of 22 789 participants (mean age 64.1 ± 7.5 years, 52.6% female) were categorized as metabolically healthy nonobese (MHN) vs obese (MHO) or unhealthy nonobese (MUN) vs obese (MUO), based on obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m²) and metabolic status (prevalent diabetes or both hypertension and hyperlipidemia). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Primary and secondary endpoints were major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and all-cause mortality, respectively. CMR included left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF, %), end-diastolic volume (LVEDV, mL), myocardial mass (g), wall thickness (mm), cardiac output (L/min), and left atrial volume (mL). Linear regression and Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for age, sex, and smoking, assessed associations between metabolic phenotypes, CMR, and clinical outcomes.

resultsIn adjusted models, all phenotypes demonstrated increased WT (MHO: β=.53 [.50, .55]; MUN: β=.24 [.21, .27]; MUO: β=.66 [.61, .70]), compared to MHN. LVEDV was increased in obesity phenotypes (MHO: β=4.67 [4.07, 5.27]; MUO: β=5.14 [4.05, 6.22]) and decreased in MUN (β=-1.25 [-1.95, -.55]), while MUO showed reduced LVEF (β=-.48 [-.91, -.04]). MACE risk was increased in unhealthy phenotypes (MUN: adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.55 [1.16-2.07]; MUO: aHR = 1.95 [1.28-2.97]). All phenotypes showed increased all-cause mortality risk (MHO: aHR = 1.65 [1.23-2.21]; MUN: aHR = 1.41 [1.05-1.90]; MUO: 2.10 [1.41-3.15]).

conclusionMetabolic phenotypes show distinct cardiac structural changes and increased mortality risk, supporting their potential in cardiovascular risk stratification.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesHeartMetabolic SyndromeObesityAgedBiological Specimen BanksFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiddle AgedPhenotypeProspective StudiesRisk FactorsUK Biobankcardiovascular diseasesmagnetic resonance imagingmetabolismmortalityobesity

Identifiers

PMID41428372
PMCPMC13183448

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.