ArticleBMC infectious diseases2025
Global, regional, and National burden of hepatitis C from 1990 to 2021 and projections until 2030.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Variations in the viral hepatitis C prevalence and treatment status by material hardship and cumulative risk among people who inject drugs.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2026Article
- Traveling with chronic viral hepatitis.Tropical diseases, travel medicine and vaccines · 2026Review
- The three-decade trajectory of hepatitis C burden among women of reproductive age in China: a retrospective and predictive study.Virology journal · 2026Article
- T cell dysfunction and metabolic disruption in chronic hepatitis C virus infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Hospital-based micro-elimination of hepatitis C virus: improving timely case identification and linkage to care in a tertiary hospital.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBurden related to hepatitis C (HCV) has imposed severely globally. The World Health Organization has proposed a resolution to eliminate hepatitis C as a public health threat by 2030. By utilizing data from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) 2021, the study aims to explore the burden and prediction of diseases related to HCV globally.
methodsThe GBD 2021 was used to assess the burden related to HCV. We obtained the estimated dataset on total burden related to HCV and three subcategories including acute hepatitis C, chronic hepatitis C including cirrhosis, liver cancer due to HCV from GBD 2021. Age-standardized rate (ASR) and number of incidence, prevalence, deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were employed to describe the total burden of HCV and classification. Joinpoint regression was used to analysis diseases trends and Bayesian age cohort analysis was used to predict future burden.
resultsThe estimated age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of total burden related to HCV decreased from 173.93 per 100,000 in 1990 to 153.82 per 100,000 in 2021, but the incidence shows a significant increase from 9.41 million in 1990 to 11.64 million in 2021 globally. In 2021, ASR of DALYs, mortality and prevalence were 177.24 per 100,000, 6.10 per 100,000 and 1313.83 per 100,000, respectively; all showed downward trends compared rate in 1990. From 1990 to 2021, three types of HCV-related diseases burden changed at different rates. There were significant differences in HCV burden between the genders, age groups and geographical distribution. The burden of HCV showed relatively higher in lower socio-demographic index (SDI) regions, with an ASIR of 237.32/10,000. Acute hepatitis C was more common in low SDI regions, while cirrhosis and liver cancer due to HCV were more common in high SDI regions. By 2030, global HCV-related liver diseases ASIR is projected to rise to 156.55 per 100,000, the burden related to HCV may still at relatively high level worldwide.
conclusionsOur study highlighted the continued significance of HCV as a global public health issue either in the past and in the near future. It is crucial that HCV prevention and control measures, such as screening, early treatment must be targeted and vigorously implemented to achieve the elimination of hepatitis C.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.