Evidence mapPaperPMID 41430139Full record

ArticleBMC cardiovascular disorders2025

Lp(a) Testing in Latin America: Low Awareness and Clinicalpractice Among Medical Society Physicians Highlight a Missed Opportunity in Cardiovascular Prevention.

Ivette Cruz-Bautista, Yuscely Flores-Jurado, Antonio Barajas-Martínez, Yulino Castillo-Núñez, Daniel Elías-López, María Alejandra Ramos-Guifarro, Ramon Barrera-Cruz, Lizbeth Ruilova-González, Misael Aguilar-Panduro, Liliana Muñoz-Hernández and 18 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

28 authors.

Ivette Cruz-BautistaDepartmento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico. ivette.cruzb@incmnsz.mx.
Yuscely Flores-JuradoUnidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico.
Antonio Barajas-MartínezUnidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico.
Yulino Castillo-NúñezSociedad Dominicana de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.
Daniel Elías-LópezDepartmento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico.
María Alejandra Ramos-GuifarroAsociación Hondureña de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, San Pedro Sula, Honduras.
Ramon Barrera-CruzColegio de Medicina Interna de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
Lizbeth Ruilova-GonzálezSociedad de Endocrinología y Diabetes del Austro, Cuenca, Ecuador.
Misael Aguilar-PanduroUnidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico.
Liliana Muñoz-HernándezUnidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico.
Roopa MehtaDepartmento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico.
Raquel N FaradjiSociedad Mexicana de Nutrición y Endocrinología, Mexico City, Mexico.
Eduardo Márquez-RodríguezSociedad Mexicana de Nutrición y Endocrinología, Mexico City, Mexico.
Juan Carlos Garnica-CuellarSociedad Mexicana de Nutrición y Endocrinología, Mexico City, Mexico.
Samantha Gutiérrez-MoralesUnidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico.
José de Jesús Garduño-GarcíaSociedad Mexicana de Nutrición y Endocrinología, Mexico City, Mexico.
José Alberto Ávila-FunesAsociación de Médicos del INCMNSZ, AMINCMNSZ, Mexico City, Mexico.
Arturo Guerra-LópezAsociación Nacional de Cardiólogos de México, ANCAM, Mexico City, Mexico.
Alejo Diaz-AragónAsociación Nacional de Cardiólogos de México, ANCAM, Mexico City, Mexico.
Edith Ruiz-GastelumAsociación Nacional de Cardiólogos de México, ANCAM, Mexico City, Mexico.
Jorge Cossio-ArandaSociedad Mexicana de Cardiología, Mexico City, Mexico.
Raúl Velasco-SolorzanoAsociación de Endocrinología, Metabolismo y Nutrición de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala.
Pablo CorralFacultad de Medicina, Departamento de Farmacología e Investigación, Universidad FASTA, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
Carlos O MendívilAsociación Colombiana de Endocrinología, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Federación Diabetológica Colombiana, Bogotá, Colombia.
Juan Patricio NogueiraFederación Argentina de Sociedades de Endocrinología (FASEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Mario Morales-EspondaDepartmento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico.
Carlos Alberto Aguilar-SalinasUnidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico.
Grupo Lípidos SMNE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

aimsIn Latin America (LATAM), the level of awareness and clinical implementation of lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) testing among physicians remain largely unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, frequency of use, and clinical management practices related to Lp(a) among LATAM physicians.

methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional, 36-item Spanish-language online survey using convenience sampling through medical societies in twenty LATAM countries. All items were mandatory. The questionnaire included two sections based on whether respondents requested Lp(a) testing and explored barriers among nonusers.

resultsA total of 512 physicians from various LATAM countries responded, with Mexico representing 75.4% of the participants. Overall, 36.7% of the physicians reported currently requesting Lp(a) testing, primarily in patients with premature cardiovascular diseases (CVD), familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), or recurrent events despite low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) at goal. Among those never ordering Lp(a) testing, the main barriers were lack of availability (57.4%) and high cost (33.6%). Knowledge gaps were identified: Only half of the respondents correctly identified Lp(a) risk thresholds or LDL-C targets. Despite this, most physicians who ordered the Lp(a) test reported taking active measures such as intensifying lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) (90%) and intensifying the management of other CV risk factors (68%) if Lp(a) was > 50 mg/dL or 125 nmol/L.

conclusionsAwareness and clinical use of Lp(a) testing among LATAM physicians remain limited and focused on high-risk scenarios. Improving test accessibility, providing clearer clinical guidelines, and reinforcing the evidence for Lp(a) as a therapeutic target may enhance its adoption and integration into cardiovascular risk assessment across the region.

Indexed as

AwarenessCardiovascular DiseasesDyslipidemiasHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeLipoprotein(a)PhysiciansPractice Patterns, Physicians'Professional Practice GapsAdultBiomarkersCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHealth Care SurveysHeart Disease Risk FactorsHumansLatin AmericaBiomarkersLipoprotein(a)LPA protein, humanBarriersCardiovascular risk assessmentLatin american physiciansLipoprotein(a) awarenessMedical societiesSurvey

Identifiers

PMID41430139
PMCPMC12825184

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.