Evidence mapPaperPMID 41435890Full record

ReviewMucosal immunology2026

The gut-liver axis modulates intestinal immune homeostasis.

Yang Gu, Chuan Wu

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Mucosal immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Yang GuExperimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Chuan WuExperimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Electronic address: chuan.wu@nih.gov.

Funding

Inter- and intra-epithelial regulation for intestinal barrier integrityZIABC011755 · DIVISION OF BASIC SCIENCES - NCI · 2025 to 2025
$510k
Intramural NIH HHS ZIA BC011755
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The intestine and liver are physically interconnected through the biliary system, portal circulation, lymphatic network, and neural pathways, collectively forming the gut-liver axis. The gut-liver axis and the immune system are engaged in a complex regulatory relationship. Over the past few decades, significant progress has been made in elucidating how liver-derived bile acids (BAs) shape intestinal immunity through interactions with the gut microbiota. However, the multidirectional regulatory pathways by which the liver orchestrates intestinal immune homeostasis remain incompletely defined. In this review, we highlight liver-derived cues-including the BAs, neural signals, nutrient metabolism, hormones, hepatically secreted proteins, and the complement system-and their impact on intestinal innate and adaptive immune cells. Furthermore, we discuss how intestinal dysbiosis contributes to the progression of liver inflammation and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) via immune cells. A comprehensive understanding of these intricate interactions may uncover novel therapeutic strategies for treating gut- and liver-associated immune disorders.

Indexed as

Gastrointestinal MicrobiomeIntestinal MucosaIntestinesLiverAnimalsBile Acids and SaltsDysbiosisHomeostasisHumansImmunity, InnateLiver NeoplasmsBile Acids and Salts

Identifiers

PMID41435890
PMCPMC13321230

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.