Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41436139›Full record

ArticleRMD open2025

Intraindividual cognitive function course over time in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Oshrat E Tayer-Shifman, Jiandong Su, Kathleen Bingham, Mahta Kakvan, Maria Carmela Tartaglia, Lesley Ruttan, Sherief Marzouk, Joan Wither, May Y Choi, Dennisse Bonilla and 6 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in RMD open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Oshrat E Tayer-ShifmanSchool of Medicine, Gray Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.ORCID 0009-0008-3571-7243
Jiandong SuToronto Western Hospital Lupus Clinic, Division of Rheumatology, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Kathleen BinghamCentre for Mental Health, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Mahta KakvanToronto Western Hospital Lupus Clinic, Division of Rheumatology, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Maria Carmela TartagliaKrembil Neuroscience Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Lesley RuttanToronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Sherief MarzoukCentre for Mental Health, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Joan WitherSchroeder Arthritis Institute and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
May Y ChoiCumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Dennisse BonillaToronto Western Hospital Lupus Clinic, Division of Rheumatology, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Simone AppenzellerDepartment of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Traumatology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
Dorcas BeatonInstitute for Work and Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Patricia KatzMedicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Robin GreenToronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Dafna D GladmanToronto Western Hospital Lupus Clinic, Division of Rheumatology, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-9074-0592
Zahi ToumaToronto Western Hospital Lupus Clinic, Division of Rheumatology, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada zahi.touma@uhn.ca.ORCID 0000-0001-5177-2076

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCognitive impairment (CI) is one of the most common manifestations of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study aimed to characterise the course of CI over a 1-year period in patients with SLE and its associated factors.

methods175 adult SLE patients from the University of Toronto Lupus Clinic were assessed at baseline, 6 months and 12 months using the American College of Rheumatology Neuropsychological Battery. CI was classified based on standardised z-scores in cognitive domains. Patients were categorised as persistent-CI (CI at all three time-points; T0, T1 and T2), never-CI (no CI at any time-point) or fluctuating-CI (CI at 1-2 assessments). Sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory and medication data were collected at each visit. Patients with persistent-CI were compared with never-CI patients. CI severity was determined based on the mean z-score of tests across all six domains.

resultsOver 1 year, 46% of patients experienced CI, with 17% showing persistent-CI, 29% fluctuating-CI and 54% never-CI. Persistent-CI patients exhibited more severe CI compared with fluctuating-CI. The most frequently affected cognitive domains were learning and memory, simple attention and processing speed, and visual-spatial construction. Factors associated with CI persistence over 1 year included Black race, older age at SLE diagnosis, divorced/separated status at T0 and higher disease-related damage at T0.

conclusionThis study highlights the variable nature of CI in SLE patients, with most exhibiting a stable course over 1 year. Factors such as sociodemographic characteristics and comorbidities may influence CI persistence.

Indexed as

CognitionCognitive DysfunctionLupus Erythematosus, SystemicAdultDisease ProgressionFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNeuropsychological TestsSeverity of Illness IndexAutoimmunityImmune Complex DiseasesSystemic Lupus Erythematosus

Identifiers

PMID41436139
PMCPMC12730825

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.