ReviewInternational journal of retina and vitreous2025
Use of retinal ischemic perivascular lesions (RIPLS) as a biomarker for cardiovascular disease - a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Review in International journal of retina and vitreous, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundThis study aims to evaluate the association between retinal ischemic perivascular lesions (RIPLs) detected by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and the risk of all-cause cardiovascular morbidity.
methodsA systematic review and meta-analysis were performed. PubMed MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched for observational studies from January 2015 to March 2025 assessing RIPLs and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using a random-effects model.
resultsOf 61 studies screened, six met inclusion criteria and four were included in the meta-analysis (total n = 710). The pooled OR for CVD morbidity associated with RIPLs was 2.8 (95% CI: 1.98–3.95), indicating over a twofold increased risk. Heterogeneity was minimal (I² = 0%).
conclusionsRIPLs detected by OCT are significantly associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Due to OCT’s non-invasive and accessible nature, RIPLs may be a useful screening biomarker for early detection of CVD.
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