Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41437091›Full record

ReviewInternational journal of retina and vitreous2025

Use of retinal ischemic perivascular lesions (RIPLS) as a biomarker for cardiovascular disease - a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Fatima Zahra, Manahil Malik, Khadijah Abid, Karim F Damji, Haroon Tayyab

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of retina and vitreous, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Fatima ZahraDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan.
Manahil MalikDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan.
Khadijah AbidDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan.
Karim F DamjiDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan.
Haroon TayyabDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan. haroon.tayyab@aku.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThis study aims to evaluate the association between retinal ischemic perivascular lesions (RIPLs) detected by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and the risk of all-cause cardiovascular morbidity.

methodsA systematic review and meta-analysis were performed. PubMed MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched for observational studies from January 2015 to March 2025 assessing RIPLs and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using a random-effects model.

resultsOf 61 studies screened, six met inclusion criteria and four were included in the meta-analysis (total n = 710). The pooled OR for CVD morbidity associated with RIPLs was 2.8 (95% CI: 1.98–3.95), indicating over a twofold increased risk. Heterogeneity was minimal (I² = 0%).

conclusionsRIPLs detected by OCT are significantly associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Due to OCT’s non-invasive and accessible nature, RIPLs may be a useful screening biomarker for early detection of CVD.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular diseaseOptical coherence tomographyRetinal imagingRetinal ischemic perivascular lesions

Identifiers

PMID41437091
PMCPMC12837118

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.