ArticlePharmacology research & perspectives2026
Gut Microbial Variations Associated With Proton Pump Inhibitor Use in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study.
Article in Pharmacology research & perspectives, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01231958 (The Boston Puerto Rican Health Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Boston Puerto Rican Health Study: Center for Population Health and Health Disparities
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Gut Microbial Variations Associated With Proton Pump Inhibitor Use in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2026Article
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11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPI), used to treat gastrointestinal disorders, are associated with alterations in the gut microbiome. However, this is understudied in Puerto Ricans who have unique lifestyle characteristics. Puerto Ricans, including participants of the Boston-Puerto Rican Health Study (BPRHS), report high PPI use. Therefore, we examined gut microbial variations associated with PPI use in the BPRHS. BPRHS is a prospective cohort. 309 BPRHS participants self-reported PPI use and self-collected, metagenomically profiled, stool samples. PPI use was classified as any use in the past 30 days. Cross-sectional associations between gut microbial taxa, functional pathways, and PPI use were examined using omnibus analyses, multivariate linear modeling in MaAsLin2, and random forest classifier in feature-wise analyses. We further compared our results with the non-Hispanic Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS) to validate key findings and examine ethnicity-related differences. Among 309 participants (mean age 68.8 years; female 74.6%), 112 (36%) self-reported PPI use. After adjusting for relevant covariates, we observed an enrichment of Streptococcus parasanguinis (β = 3.16, FDR p = 0.01), S. anginosus (β = 2.89, FDR p < 0.01), S. salivarius (β = 2.56, FDR p = 0.01), S. gordonii (β = 1.98, FDR p = 0.15), and Rothia mucilaginosa (β = 1.54, FDR p = 0.06), among PPI users compared to non-users. Streptococci, Lactobacilli, and Enterococci predominantly contributed to the functional pathways associated with PPI use. The observed enrichment of oral-typical taxa, such as Streptococci, among PPI users in the BPRHS suggests the potential of PPIs to alter gut microbial composition. More studies are needed to understand the impact of PPI use on the gut microbiome in different ethnicities. Trial Registration: Parent study (BPRHS) NCT01231958.
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