Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41437663›Full record

ArticleJournal of evidence-based medicine2025

Global, Regional, and National Burden of Endometriosis, PCOS, and Unexplained Infertility and Their Attribution to Infertility, 1990-2021: Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Ye Xu, Yulong Jia, Qianrui Li, Hao Jiang, Yiquan Xiong, Wengxue Liang, Xuehong Liu, Yunxiang Huang, Kang Zou, Xin Sun and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of evidence-based medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Ye XuGeneral Practice Medical Center, Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Yulong JiaGeneral Practice Medical Center, Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Qianrui LiGeneral Practice Medical Center, Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Hao JiangGeneral Practice Medical Center, Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Yiquan XiongGeneral Practice Medical Center, Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Wengxue LiangGeneral Practice Medical Center, Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Xuehong LiuGeneral Practice Medical Center, Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Yunxiang HuangGeneral Practice Medical Center, Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Kang ZouGeneral Practice Medical Center, Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Xin SunGeneral Practice Medical Center, Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Jing TanGeneral Practice Medical Center, Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Yan RenGeneral Practice Medical Center, Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

Funding

1.3.5 project for disciplines of excellence, West China Hospital, Sichuan University ZYGD230041.3.5 project for disciplines of excellence, West China Hospital, Sichuan University ZYYC24010National Key R&D Program of China 2024YFC3505800National Key R&D Program of China 2025YFC3510800National Natural Science Foundation of China 82474334National Natural Science Foundation of China 82474335National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars 82225049Special fund for traditional Chinese medicine of Sichuan Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2024zd023The Key R&D Projects of Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology 2024YFFK0152The Key R&D Projects of Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology 2024YFFK0174
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimInfertility is a growing global health issue affecting millions worldwide. While endometriosis, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and unexplained infertility are recognized as the major contributors, their specific burden and impact on infertility among women of childbearing age (WCBA) remain inadequately quantified. This study aimed to evaluate the global burden of three diseases and infertility attributable to them.

methodsUsing data from Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, we assessed the temporal trends of three diseases by average annual percentage change (AAPC) in age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) and DALYs rate (ASDR), and evaluated their correlation with socio-demographic index (SDI). We also calculated the age-standardized prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) rates of infertility attributable to three diseases.

resultsIn 2021, the global ASPRs of endometriosis, PCOS, and unexplained infertility were 1070.7 (AAPC: -1.02%, declining), 3364.5 (AAPC: 0.74%, increasing), and 5586.2 (AAPC: 0.70%, increasing), and infertility attributable to three diseases were 60.6, 638.2, and 5586.2 per 100,000 population, respectively. Regionally, Oceania had the highest ASPR for endometriosis, East Asia for unexplained infertility, and high-income Asia Pacific for PCOS. Infertility attributable to PCOS exhibited higher age-standardized prevalence and YLDs rates compared to endometriosis in most regions. Notably, ASPRs and ASDRs for endometriosis and unexplained infertility decreased with SDI, while PCOS rates increased with SDI.

conclusionsThe increasing global burden of endometriosis, PCOS, and unexplained infertility among WCBA has significantly contributed to rising infertility rates, with distinct regional and demographic disparities. Targeted public health strategies are needed to address these trends.

Indexed as

EndometriosisGlobal Burden of DiseaseInfertility, FemalePolycystic Ovary SyndromeAdultFemaleGlobal HealthHumansPrevalenceEndometriosisglobal Burden of Disease Studyinfertilitypolycystic ovarian syndromeunexplained infertilitywomen of childbearing age

Identifiers

PMID41437663
PMCPMC12750491

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.