Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41438852›Full record

ArticleERJ open research2025

Effect of budesonide/glycopyrronium/formoterol fumarate dihydrate on cardiopulmonary outcomes in COPD: rationale and design of the THARROS trial.

Fernando J Martinez, John R Hurst, MeiLan K Han, David Price, Jinping Zheng, David D Berg, Michel Pszczol, Mona Bafadhel, Carolyn S P Lam, Martin Fredriksson and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in ERJ open research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Optimizing COPD Care in Belgium: A Multidisciplinary Expert Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Risk Management.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Fernando J MartinezDivision of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan, Worcester, MA, USA.
John R HurstUCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7246-6040
MeiLan K HanDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
David PriceObservational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore, and Centre of Academic Primary Care, Division of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9728-9992
Jinping ZhengState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7511-661X
David D BergBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Michel PszczolPatient Author, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Mona BafadhelKing's Centre for Lung Health, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9993-2478
Carolyn S P LamNational Heart Centre Singapore, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Martin FredrikssonClinical Development, Late Clinical Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Martin R CowieClinical Development, Late Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, USA.
Niki AryaBiometrics, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Durham, NC, USA.
Karin BowenBiometrics, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
Alec MushunjeClinical Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
Mehul PatelClinical Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: COPD and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are leading causes of death with overlapping and syndemic pathophysiological interactions. Inhaled triple therapies containing inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) and long-acting β Methods: THARROS is a multinational, event-driven cardiopulmonary outcomes trial evaluating budesonide/glycopyrronium/formoterol fumarate dihydrate (BGF) triple therapy Conclusion: This first-of-its-kind cardiopulmonary outcomes trial will determine the effect of BGF on a novel composite end-point comprising severe cardiopulmonary events in a broad COPD population with elevated cardiopulmonary risk not currently using ICS-containing maintenance therapy.

Identifiers

PMID41438852
PMCPMC12720155

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.