Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41439332›Full record

ArticleDiabetes technology & therapeutics2026

Differences Between Glycemia Estimates from Hemoglobin A1c and Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Their Association with Complete Blood Counts.

Veronica Tozzo, David M Nathan, Heidi Krause-Steinrauf, John M Lachin, Mary E Larkin, Christopher Mow, Nicole Butera, Robert M Cohen, John M Higgins, GRADE Research Group

Erratum issuedAbstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes technology & therapeutics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Trial
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

  • Erratum issued
    2026
5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Veronica TozzoDepartment of Pathology and Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
David M NathanDiabetes Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Heidi Krause-SteinraufThe Biostatistics Center, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Rockville, Maryland, USA.
John M LachinThe Biostatistics Center, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Rockville, Maryland, USA.
Mary E LarkinDiabetes Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Christopher MowDepartment of Pathology and Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Nicole ButeraThe Biostatistics Center, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Rockville, Maryland, USA.
Robert M CohenDivision of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
John M HigginsDepartment of Pathology and Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
GRADE Research Group

Funding

Continuation of the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness (GRADE) StudyU01DK098246 · NIDDK · GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Heidi Krause-Steinrauf, JOHN M LACHIN · 2021 to 2022
$21.0M
NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK098246NIDDK NIH HHS U34 DK088043
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveContinuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) provide estimates of mean glycemia that may differ, in part, due to the effects of variation in red blood cell (RBC) age and turnover on HbA1c. Measurements derived from the complete blood count (CBC) may vary with RBC age and might be used to reduce the difference between glycemia estimates derived from CGM and HbA1c.

methodsWe analyzed CBC measurements from 1,325 individuals with type 2 diabetes who participated in the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE) CGM substudy. Mean glycemia was estimated from HbA1c (eAG

resultsIn adjusted analyses, several CBC-derived measurements were significantly associated with the difference between eAG

conclusionsCBC measurements are associated with differences between estimates of glycemia derived from HbA1c and CGM. Further studies with longer periods of CGM are needed to determine whether CBCs can complement HbA1c and CGM and can help reconcile differences in estimates of mean glycemia provided by HbA1c and CGM.

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseBlood Glucose Self-MonitoringDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Glycated HemoglobinAdultAgedBlood Cell CountContinuous Glucose MonitoringFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedBlood GlucoseGlycated Hemoglobinhemoglobin A1c protein, humancomplete blood countcontinuous glucose monitoringhemoglobin A1chemoglobin A1c-glucose discordancetype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID41439332
PMCPMC12970290

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.