Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41442021›Full record

ReviewDiscover mental health2025

How three different theories of depression converge at inflammation.

B Baumberger, L Batey, P Hashemi

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Discover mental health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

B Baumberger *Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
L Batey *Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
P HashemiDepartment of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK. phashemi@imperial.ac.uk.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Three main theories of depression have been developed: the monoamine, plasticity and inflammation theories. While each theory has been bolstered by decades of excellent scientific evidence, individually each idea falls short for developing universally effective treatments for depression. In this perspective, we present the history and development of each theory and discuss the therapies that follow each hypothesis. We provide a unique perspective by highlighting the historical evolution, clinical implications, and the nexus between the three hypotheses. We emphasise how the theories are mutually inclusive and influence one another and are smaller parts of a larger puzzle. We suggest that future therapies should involve all three: ze: monoamines, plasticity and inflammation.

Identifiers

PMID41442021
PMCPMC12738436

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.