Evidence mapPaperPMID 41444640Full record

ArticleDiabetology & metabolic syndrome2025

The effect of virgin coconut oil (VCO) on cardiovascular disease risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Yang Zhang, Yilingrui Wang, Lin Li, Xiaoya Hong, Hui Xia, Mohammad Hassan Sohouli, Zhiwei Xu

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Article in Diabetology & metabolic syndrome, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Yang Zhang *Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, 223300, Jiangsu, China.
Yilingrui Wang *Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 1 Huanghe West Road, Huaiyin District, Huaian, 223300, Jiangsu, China.
Lin LiDepartment of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, 223300, Jiangsu, China.
Xiaoya HongDepartment of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, 223300, Jiangsu, China.
Hui XiaDepartment of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, 223300, Jiangsu, China.
Mohammad Hassan SohouliPediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Pediatrics Centre of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. mohammadhassansohouli@gmail.com.
Zhiwei XuDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 1 Huanghe West Road, Huaiyin District, Huaian, 223300, Jiangsu, China. hayyxzhw@njmu.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCardiometabolic disorders remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Virgin coconut oil (VCO), rich in medium-chain triglycerides and phenolic compounds, has been proposed to confer metabolic benefits through lipid modulation, anti-inflammatory activity, and antioxidant effects. However, clinical evidence on its efficacy is mixed. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the impact of VCO on key cardiometabolic risk factors in adults.

methodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted in five database from inception to August 2025. RCTs assessing VCO supplementation in adults were included if they reported anthropometric indices, lipid profiles, glycemic markers, blood pressure, or inflammatory outcomes. Data were pooled using a random-effects model.

resultsFourteen RCTs with 1049 participants from 11 countries, with intervention durations ranging from 2 to 24 weeks, met inclusion criteria. Pooled analyses showed that VCO significantly reduced triglycerides (WMD: - 12.12 mg/dL; 95% CI: - 23.14 to - 1.09) and increased high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (WMD: 7.91 mg/dL; 95% CI: 4.41 to 11.40). No significant changes were observed for other lipid markers, fasting blood sugar (FBS), anthropometric measures, blood pressure, or CRP. Subgroup analyses indicated greater TG reduction in short-term interventions (≤ 8 weeks) and among individuals with metabolic disorders, and a significant TC increase in participants under 50 years. Assessment of publication bias using funnel plots and Egger's test indicated no significant evidence of bias.

conclusionsVCO supplementation may improve specific lipid parameters, particularly TG and HDL-C, while showing limited effects on other cardiometabolic outcomes. Larger, longer-term trials are warranted to clarify its role in cardiometabolic risk management.

Indexed as

Cardiometabolic riskHDL cholesterolMeta-analysisRandomized controlled trialTriglyceridesVirgin coconut oil

Identifiers

PMID41444640
PMCPMC12729059

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.