ArticleFrontiers in immunology2025
Cost-effectiveness analysis of toripalimab plus bevacizumab versus sorafenib as first-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in China.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Cost-effectiveness analysis of toripalimab and bevacizumab versus sorafenib for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in China.Scientific reports · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The HEPATORCH trial demonstrated that toripalimab combined with bevacizumab significantly prolonged progression-free survival and overall survival in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with an acceptable safety profile. However, its economic implications remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of toripalimab plus bevacizumab versus sorafenib monotherapy as first-line treatment for advanced HCC from the Chinese healthcare system perspective. Methods: Using clinical data from the HEPATORCH trial, a three-state partitioned survival model was constructed to assess the cost-effectiveness of the two treatment strategies over a 10-year horizon. Cost and utility inputs were derived from the publicly available data and published literature. Primary outcomes included total costs, life-years (LYs), quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs). Scenario analysis, one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses (PSA) were performed to evaluate model robustness. Result: Base-case analysis demonstrated that the toripalimab-bevacizumab combination and sorafenib monotherapy incurred total costs of $44,994.43 and $35,014.79, yielding 2.26 LYs and 1.79 LYs, and 1.57 QALYs and 1.16 QALYs, respectively. The toripalimab plus bevacizumab regimen provided an additional 0.41 QALYs at an incremental cost of $9,979.63, resulting in an ICER of $24,602.67/QALY. The ICER was significantly lower than the willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of three times China's per capita gross domestic product ($40,334/QALY). Scenario analyses confirmed the robustness of the base-case results. One-way sensitivity analysis revealed that the cost of bevacizumab and the proportion of patients receiving subsequent therapy in the sorafenib group were the most influential parameters on the ICERs. PSA indicated a 95.76% probability of toripalimab combined with bevacizumab being cost-effective at the WTP threshold of $40,334 per QALY. Conclusion: Compared with sorafenib, toripalimab plus bevacizumab is likely a cost-effective first-line treatment option for advanced HCC in China.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.