Evidence mapPaperPMID 41446509Full record

ArticlePatient preference and adherence2025

Medication Adherence to Semaglutide versus Empagliflozin in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Observational Study in Saudi Arabia.

Mostafa A S Ali, Palanisamy Amirthalingam, Hanan Alshareef, Saleh F Alqifari, Ahmed Mohsen Elsaid Hamdan, Olayan Alatawi, Faris Ahmed M Hakami, Nader Salem Albalawi, Ahmed Aljabri

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Patient preference and adherence, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Mostafa A S AliDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-5851-5088
Palanisamy AmirthalingamDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-5803-1227
Hanan AlshareefDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-1264-7229
Saleh F AlqifariDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-0288-065X
Ahmed Mohsen Elsaid HamdanDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0003-4930-792X
Olayan AlatawiDepartment of Pharmacy, King Salman Armed Forces Hospital, Northwestern Region, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
Faris Ahmed M HakamiDepartment of Pharmacy, King Salman Armed Forces Hospital, Northwestern Region, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
Nader Salem AlbalawiDepartment of Pharmacy, King Salman Armed Forces Hospital, Northwestern Region, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
Ahmed AljabriDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-7049-9826

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Purpose: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) are widely prescribed, yet medication adherence varies. This study evaluated real-world adherence and persistence to semaglutide and empagliflozin among adults with T2D and assessed the associations between adherence and clinical outcomes. Patients and Methods: A retrospective observational study was performed using electronic health records and pharmacy dispensing data from a military hospital in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia, between July 1, 2023 and June 30, 2024. Adults with T2D (≥18 years old) prescribed semaglutide or empagliflozin were included. Medication adherence was quantified using proportion of days covered (PDC). Persistence was defined by absence of treatment gap ≥60 days. Associations between adherence and patient characteristics, and clinical out-comes, were examined. Results: Among 5087 patients (mean age 57.9 ± 12.3 years, mean T2D duration 10.3 ± 7.6 years), 4020 received empagliflozin and 1067 initiated semaglutide. Adherence (PDC ≥ 80%) was observed in 57.7% of semaglutide and 60% of empagliflozin users. Persistence was lower 40% (semaglutide) and 45% (empagliflozin) met the criteria. Sociodemographic variables were not significant predictors of medication adherence. Conclusion: Medication adherence and persistence to both semaglutide once-weekly injection and oral empagliflozin were suboptimal among T2D patients. Adherent patients to both medications experienced a significant improvement in glycemic control. Targeted strategies are needed to enhance patient motivation for consistent medication use and timely refills.

Indexed as

empagliflozinmedication adherenceobservational studysemaglutidetype-2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID41446509
PMCPMC12724230

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.