Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41448668›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2025

Understanding the barriers for prevention and detection of chronic kidney disease among healthcare professionals in Syria: a qualitative study.

Fatema Ahmed, Qingyuan Ye, Li Li, Waleed Ksebe, Haya Radwan, Chen Wu, Kefang Wang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Fatema AhmedSchool of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4144-812X
Qingyuan YeSchool of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0006-9396-5363
Li LiSchool of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-9137-9127
Waleed KsebeSchool of Nursing, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6304-9691
Haya RadwanNephrologist, University of Latakia, Latakia, Syrian Arab Republic.
Chen WuSchool of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China wangkf@email.sdu.edu.cn wuchen@sdu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2721-2487
Kefang WangSchool of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China wangkf@email.sdu.edu.cn wuchen@sdu.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThe risk of acquiring chronic kidney disease (CKD) is rising in Middle East countries, particularly due to the high prevalence of diabetes and hypertension. Healthcare professionals (HCPs) play a vital role in patient education, risk management and early detection of CKD, thereby impacting health outcomes across countries with varying resource levels. This study aimed to identify the obstacles to primary and secondary prevention of CKD among HCPs in Syria. STUDY

designWe conducted a descriptive qualitative study design underpinned by semistructured interviews. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.

settingParticipants were recruited across the Syrian Arab Republic, encompassing diverse geographical areas, hospital types and community centres.

participantsA purposive sample of 12 HCPs was interviewed using online semistructured interviews. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed from November 2023 to May 2024.

resultsSeveral factors hindered CKD primary prevention and early detection among HCPs in Syria. These include individual factors such as a lack of knowledge, awareness and training. Interpersonal factors include unclear role delineation and poor communication among HCPs. Community/societal factors include a lack of government financial support, lower clinical priority for CKD, inadequate supplies for CKD primary prevention and diagnosis, a lack of patient education resources, limited access to nephrology services and a fragmented healthcare system.

conclusionsThe primary and secondary prevention of CKD in Syria is still nascent. Comprehensive strategies addressing individual, interpersonal and community/societal barriers are necessary to advance CKD primary prevention and early detection efforts. The study contributes to advancing the primary and secondary prevention of CKD and guiding targeted interventions and collaborative efforts to improve early detection of CKD in Syria. Analysing the local context of Syria and the availability of international resources for CKD primary prevention and early detection provides a decision-making framework that outlines actionable strategies for both domestic capacity-building and international organisational support.

Indexed as

Health Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHealth PersonnelRenal Insufficiency, ChronicAdultAttitude of Health PersonnelEarly DiagnosisFemaleHealth Services AccessibilityHumansInterviews as TopicMaleMiddle AgedQualitative ResearchSyriaChronic DiseaseChronic renal failureNephrologyPublic healthQUALITATIVE RESEARCH

Identifiers

PMID41448668
PMCPMC12742161

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.