ArticleBMJ open2025
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease from two new-user medication cohorts: a retrospective cohort study using regional electronic health records database in China.
Article in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectivesGiven the rapidly evolving therapeutic landscape for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), this study aimed to characterise the clinical profiles and real-world outcomes of patients with T2D and CKD in China who initiated sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA).
designRetrospective cohort study.
settingDemographic and clinical data of patients from a regional electronic health records database in Tianjin, China between 2012 and 2019 were used.
participantsAdult patients diagnosed with T2D and CKD who initiated SGLT2i or GLP-1 RA from 2012 to 2019. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Baseline demographic and disease characteristics, comorbidities and comedications, healthcare resource utilisation (HRU), and clinical outcomes were assessed using descriptive statistics.
resultsA total of 935 and 4821 patients were included in SGLT2i and GLP-1 RA cohorts, with the mean ages of 59 and 56 years, respectively. Both cohorts had similar durations of T2D (mean: 5 years) and CKD (mean: 3 years). In SGLT2i and GLP-1 RA cohorts, 54.4% and 56.9% of patients had hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) >7%, and 50.5% and 54.1% were classified as CKD stage 1 at baseline. During the follow-up period (median 1.4 months for SGLT2i cohort and median 2.3 months for GLP-1 RA cohort), higher numbers of specialist visits compared with general practitioner visits were observed numerically for both cohorts. The incidence rates (95% CI) of kidney failure per 100 person-years were 3.1 (1.0, 7.3) for SGLT2i cohort, and 4.9 (3.9, 6.0) for GLP-1 RA cohort during follow-up.
conclusionsThis study provides descriptive evidence regarding the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with T2D and CKD who initiated SGLT2i or GLP-1 RA in China. The results are important for understanding the existing HRU and residual risk of severe clinical outcomes in such patient populations. The findings also provide a solid foundation for future research aimed at examining the clinical outcomes of new therapeutic options for T2D and CKD.
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