ArticleClinical and experimental medicine2025
MAFLD increases CKM syndrome severity: a NHANES-based cross-sectional study.
Article in Clinical and experimental medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Reply to correspondence on "Hypothyroidism and the risk of liver-related events in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease".Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) Syndrome Staging and Relevance to Precision Nutrition.Nutrients · 2026Review
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7 authors.
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Abstract
The cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome is a newly proposed clinical concept that emphasizes the interconnected burden of renal and cardiometabolic dysfunction. However, the impact of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) within the CKM staging framework is still unknown. This cross-sectional study utilized data from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2017 to 2020. Participants aged 18-80 were categorized by CKM staging was applied based on the 2023 American Heart Association classification, MAFLD status, and liver fibrosis was assessed by transient elastography and non-invasive scores. Logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of advanced CKM stages. Of 6167 participants, 5695 (92.3%) met the CKM Framework, with 3137 (55.1%) having MAFLD (CKM-MAFLD). Those with CKM-MAFLD exhibited significantly higher cardiometabolic risks, particularly for cardiovascular events. Late CKM stages showed a higher prevalence of MAFLD (57.7% vs 53.2%, p < 0.001) and greater steatosis and fibrosis. MAFLD was an independent predictor of CKM risk (OR: 1.2, 95% CI: 1.03-1.5, P 0.04), an effect was more profound in those with liver fibrosis (OR: 1.36, p-value 0.004). MAFLD could be a crucial predictor in CKM risk stratification, emphasizing the need for hepatic evaluation in these frameworks. Early identification of MAFLD-related dysfunction can lead to targeted interventions across the liver-heart-kidney continuum.
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