From randomized controlled trial to real world clinical evidence: effectiveness and engagement of in-home virtual reality pain treatment for chronic pain in older adults.

Todd Maddox, Josh Sackman, Emily Judge, Roselani Maddox, Robert Bonakdar, Beth D Darnall

Registry-linked trialAbstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05263037 (A Decentralized, Randomized, Controlled Trial to Study Health Outcomes of EaseVRx-8w+ for the Treatment of Chronic Lower Back Pain), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05263037 naactive not recruitingnot on this map

A Decentralized, Randomized, Controlled Trial to Study Health Outcomes of EaseVRx-8w+ for the Treatment of Chronic Lower Back Pain

TypeinterventionalSponsorAppliedVR Inc.Ran2022 to 2026Enrolled1,093ConditionsChronic Low-back Pain, Anxiety, DepressionArmsEaseVRx, Sham VR

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Todd MaddoxAppliedVR, Inc., Van Nuys, CA, United States.

Josh SackmanAppliedVR, Inc., Van Nuys, CA, United States.

Emily JudgeAppliedVR, Inc., Van Nuys, CA, United States.

Roselani MaddoxAppliedVR, Inc., Van Nuys, CA, United States.

Robert BonakdarScripps Center for Integrative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States.

Beth D DarnallDepartment of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chronic lower back pain prevalence is greatest among older adults. Older adults (65+) often have multiple comorbidities and are more likely to have high-impact chronic pain that significantly impacts daily activities and function. Owing to greater pain burden, older adults are prime candidates for low-risk, in-home pain treatment. The goal of the present study was two-fold: (1) to examine clinical effectiveness of an FDA-Authorized Skills-Based Virtual Reality delivered therapy for chronic lower back pain in adults (18-64) and older adults (65+) by conducting a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial ( Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT05263037.

Indexed as

chronic lower back paincognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)immersive therapeuticvirtual realityVR

Identifiers

PMID41450975

DOI10.3389/fpain.2025.1694007

PMCPMC12728013

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

NCT05263037ClinicalTrials.gov

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.