Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41454582›Full record

ArticleDrug testing and analysis2026

Pesticide Contamination in the Hair of Children From Colonia San Juan, a Rural Community in Paraguay.

Stela Benitez Leite, Alba Iglesias-Gonzalez, Mirta Noemí Mesquita, María Luisa Macchi, Robin Mesnage, Brice M R Appenzeller

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Drug testing and analysis, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Stela Benitez LeiteFacultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica Nuestra Señora de la Asunción, Asunción, Paraguay.
Alba Iglesias-GonzalezHuman Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg.
Mirta Noemí MesquitaHospital General Pediatrico Niños de Acosta Ñu, San Lorenzo, Paraguay.
María Luisa MacchiFacultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica Nuestra Señora de la Asunción, Asunción, Paraguay.
Robin MesnageDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1732-4741
Brice M R AppenzellerHuman Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chronic exposure to pesticides can cause carcinogenic, reproductive, neurological, and endocrine-disrupting effects. Hair analysis is a valuable biomonitoring tool to assess human exposure to pesticides. We determined the presence of pesticides, their metabolites, and other environmental pollutants in the hair of children in an agricultural area of Paraguay. We analyzed 152 pesticides and environmental chemicals in hair samples from 51 children (2-14 years, mean ± SD = 8.5 ± 3.3 years) living in Colonia San Juan, a rural community in Paraguay. The locality is surrounded by soybean crops, and the community engages primarily in family farming. Eighty of the 152 compounds (52.6%) were detected. Each child's sample contained an average of 55 ± 3.7 compounds (range 48-65), including organophosphates, pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, fungicides, herbicides, and endocrine disruptors such as bisphenol A and bisphenol S. Thirty-seven compounds were present in all samples. Children in this rural community are simultaneously exposed to numerous pesticides and pollutants, highlighting the urgent need for stricter environmental protections and preventive health measures.

Indexed as

Environmental PollutantsHairPesticidesAdolescentBiological MonitoringChildChild, PreschoolEnvironmental ExposureEnvironmental MonitoringFemaleHumansMaleParaguayRural PopulationEnvironmental PollutantsPesticidesbiomonitoring in hairchildrenpesticides

Identifiers

PMID41454582
PMCPMC12983054

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.