Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41454627›Full record

ArticleJournal of clinical laboratory analysis2026

Frequency and Associated Factors of Clotted and Hemolyzed Samples in South Gonder Hospitals, Ethiopia: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study, 2023.

Birhanemaskal Malkamu, Getaneh Atikilt Yemata, Andargachew Almaw, Ayenew Assefa, Birhanu Getie, Teklehaimanot Kiros, Mulat Erkihun, Shewaneh Damtie, Tegenaw Tiruneh, Berhanu Abebaw Mekonnen and 24 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of clinical laboratory analysis, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

34 authors.

Birhanemaskal MalkamuDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3385-7361
Getaneh Atikilt YemataDepartment of Public Health, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0879-3303
Andargachew AlmawDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4895-3017
Ayenew AssefaDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4287-4147
Birhanu GetieDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2512-9156
Teklehaimanot KirosDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3107-4833
Mulat ErkihunDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8149-4100
Shewaneh DamtieDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2156-2438
Tegenaw TirunehDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2859-4280
Berhanu Abebaw MekonnenDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
Meron Asmamaw AlemayehuDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Abraham TeymDepartment of Environmental Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5954-0923
Abathun TemesgenDepartment of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia.
Gashaw Melkie BayehDepartment of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia.
Almaw Genet YeshiwasDepartment of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia.
Rahel Mulatie AntenehDepartment of Public Health, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Melkamu Aderajew ZemeneDepartment of Public Health, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1150-6333
Tesfaneh ShimelsDepartment of Public Health, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Chalachew YenewDepartment of Environmental Health Sciences, Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1000-9220
Wolde Melese AyeleDepartment of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4830-3599
Ahmed Fentaw AhmedDepartment of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia.
Assefa Andargie KassaDepartment of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia.
Tilahun Degu TsegaDepartment of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2388-3171
Chalachew Abiyu AyalewDepartment of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia.
Sintayehu Simie TsegaDepartment of Medical Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Zeamanuel Anteneh YigzawDepartment of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3275-1629
Amare Genetu EjiguDepartment of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia.
Wondimnew Desalegn AddisDepartment of Public Health, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Getasew YirdawDepartment of Environmental Health Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8755-9904
Kalaab Esubalew SharewDepartment of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia.
Daniel AdaneDepartment of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia.
Samuel Berihun DagnewDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8938-4551
Gebyaw AregaSchool of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Habitamu MekonenDepartment of Human Nutrition, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Amhara, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7660-1776

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAccurate hematological analysis relies heavily on the integrity of blood samples, which can be compromised by pre-analytical errors such as hemolysis and clotting. This study aimed to determine the frequency and associated factors of clotted and hemolyzed samples in selected hospitals in South Gonder, Ethiopia.

methodsThis institutionally based cross-sectional study was conducted from September to December 2023 in northwestern Ethiopia at the medical hematology laboratories of selected South Gonder Zone hospitals. Debre Tabor's specialized referral hospital was selected. Addis Zemen and Nefas Mewcha primary hospitals were chosen at random.

resultsAmong the 2331 test samples, 829 (35.6%) were clotted, and 269 (11.5%) were hemolyzed. We found a significant association of clotting with contamination, inadequate sample volume, puncture site other than the median cubital region, more than three attempts to collect blood, and the use of a partially filled collection tube when attempting another vein puncture.

conclusionOn the basis of our observations, the findings presented here have a significant impact on patient diagnosis and treatment, leading to delayed or inaccurate diagnoses, inappropriate treatment decisions, increased risk of adverse events, and increased healthcare costs.

Indexed as

Blood CoagulationBlood Specimen CollectionHematologic TestsHemolysisAdolescentAdultCross-Sectional StudiesEthiopiaFemaleHospitalsHumansMaleMiddle AgedYoung Adultclottingerrorhematologyhemolysispre‐analyticalRBC

Identifiers

PMID41454627
PMCPMC12853399

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.