Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41458542›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2025

Fasting glucagon as an independent risk indicator for CAD in patient with type 2 diabetes.

Linlin Kong, Lina Chang, Jiamin Nie, Yian Gu, Xin Wang, Siyu Yan, Wantong Han, Hequn Sang, Shaofang Tang, Ming Liu and 1 more

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In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Linlin Kong *Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
Lina Chang *Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
Jiamin Nie *Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
Yian GuDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
Xin WangDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
Siyu YanDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
Wantong HanDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
Hequn SangDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
Shaofang TangDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
Ming LiuDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
Qing HeDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the association between fasting glucagon levels and coronary artery disease (CAD) risk in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 1,739 hospitalized T2DM patients, categorized into T2DM alone and T2DM with CAD (T2DM&CAD) groups. Fasting glucagon levels and clinical characteristics were collected. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess this association, with progressive adjustment for confounders. Results: In female patients, fasting glucagon levels were significantly higher in the T2DM&CAD group than in the T2DM alone group (13.33 vs. 11.52 pmol/L, P < 0.01). After full adjustment, each 1-SD increase was associated with a 49.2% higher CAD risk (OR: 1.492; 95% CI: 1.099-2.026; P < 0.05). No significant association was found in male patients. Conclusion: Elevated fasting glucagon is an independent risk indicator for CAD in women with T2DM, but not in men. These findings highlight the potential value of glucagon monitoring in T2DM management, especially for women, and support exploring glucagon-pathway-targeted therapies to reduce cardiovascular complications.

Indexed as

Coronary Artery DiseaseDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2FastingGlucagonAgedBiomarkersCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrognosisRisk FactorsBiomarkersGlucagoncardiometabolic riskcomplicationcoronary artery diseaseglucagontype 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID41458542
PMCPMC12738176

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.