Different Varieties of Water Caltrop (

Tengfei Ma, Qiong Wu, Yuyang Yuan, Xiaoxin Chen, Qinlu Lin, Huaxi Xiao, Jiangtao Li, Wenfang Han

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Foods (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

Development of Epigallocatechin-Loaded Water Caltrop Starch Aerogels: Structure, Functional Properties and In Vitro Release Behavior.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Tengfei MaNational Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China.

Qiong WuShantou Technician College, Shantou 515000, China.

Yuyang YuanNational Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China.

Xiaoxin ChenNational Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China.

Qinlu LinNational Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China.

Huaxi XiaoNational Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China.

Jiangtao LiNational Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China.ORCID 0000-0002-4293-0287

Wenfang HanNational Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China.

Funding

Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province Grant No. 2023RC3163, 2024JJ3053Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department Grant No. 23B0272Shandong Taishan Industrial Leading Talent Program Grant No. tscx202408168

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study assessed the physicochemical properties and digestibility of starches derived from five varieties of water caltrop, focusing on their multi-scale structure. Water caltrop starch granules exhibited round, oval, or polygonal shapes with smooth surfaces, exhibiting unimodal particle size distributions and A-, C-, or C/A-type crystal patterns.

Indexed as

digestibilitymulti-scale structurephysicochemical propertiesstarchwater caltrop

Identifiers

PMID41465010

DOI10.3390/foods14244304

PMCPMC12732364

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.