Evidence mapPaperPMID 41465313Full record

ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2025

Ameliorating Acute Kidney Injury Induced by Ischemia-Reperfusion by Targeting Purine Metabolism.

Limei Zhao, Tingting Zhang, Xiaoshuang Zhou

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Limei ZhaoThe Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Xinjian South Road No. 56, Taiyuan 030001, China.
Tingting ZhangThe Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Xinjian South Road No. 56, Taiyuan 030001, China.
Xiaoshuang ZhouThe Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Xinjian South Road No. 56, Taiyuan 030001, China.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 82170708
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In the pathological process of acute kidney injury (AKI) and its transition to chronic kidney disease, the uric acid (UA) metabolic pathway plays a significant role. UA is produced as the last oxidative product in the metabolism of purine nucleotides. Prolonged organ ischemia promotes the breakdown of nucleotides into adenosine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, and UA. In this study, animal models of ischemia-reperfusion-induced AKI and renal tubular epithelial cells subjected to hypoxia-reoxygenation injury exhibited significantly reduced ATP levels, along with elevated concentrations of purine catabolites, including AMP, hypoxanthine, xanthine, and UA. Concurrently, the expression of xanthine oxidase (XO), a key enzyme in purine catabolism, was upregulated, peaking at 3 h after reoxygenation, accompanied by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Treatment with the XO inhibitor febuxostat in hypoxia-reoxygenated HK-2 cells led to a marked reduction in UA, inflammatory cytokines, and ROS levels, along with decreased apoptosis and enhanced proliferative capacity. Clinical data analysis revealed that 59.4% of AKI patients presented with hyperuricemia. UA levels demonstrated a linear correlation with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and the tissue necrosis marker lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). A random forest model constructed based on UA, LDH, age, diabetes, and hypertension accurately predicted the eGFR. These findings indicate that patients with I/R-induced AKI exhibit enhanced purine catabolism, and purine metabolic breakdown products are closely associated with the severity of renal injury in I/R AKI. For high-risk AKI populations or patients diagnosed with AKI with significantly elevated UA levels, febuxostat may be considered to prevent AKI onset and improve renal function. Furthermore, in AKI patients where creatinine data are unavailable or not significantly elevated despite markedly increased UA levels, a comprehensive assessment incorporating relevant indicators of glomerular filtration function is recommended.

Indexed as

Acute Kidney InjuryPurinesReperfusion InjuryAnimalsApoptosisCell LineDisease Models, AnimalFebuxostatFemaleGlomerular Filtration RateHumansKidney TubulesMaleMiceMiddle AgedReactive Oxygen SpeciesFebuxostatpurinePurinesReactive Oxygen SpeciesUric AcidXanthine Oxidaseacute kidney injuryfebuxostatischemia–reperfusionpurine metabolism

Identifiers

PMID41465313
PMCPMC12733137

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.