ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2025
Glial Cells in the Early Stages of Neurodegeneration: Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Targets.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effect of MALT1 inhibition by MI‑2 on the microglial phenotype switch, inflammatory cytokine secretion, neuronal loss and oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease.International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- [Electroacupuncture ameliorates cognitive impairment and suppresses TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway-mediated astrocyte activation in rats with vascular dementia].Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2026Article
- P2-engineered exosomes encapsulating curcumin alleviate cognitive decline in AD-like mice by improving microglia-related neuropathology.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Article
- Glial Cells in Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- MiR-144 Regulates Cognitive Dysfunction via NLRP3 Inflammasome and FoxO1/AdipoR Pathway in T2DM Mice.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Biological effects of 5G-modulated 700 MHz RF-EMF exposure on neuronal and glial cell models under isothermal conditions.Scientific reports · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Astrocytes and microglia constitute nearly half of all central nervous system cells and are indispensable for its proper function. Both exhibit striking morphological and functional heterogeneity, adopting either neuroprotective (A2, M2) or proinflammatory (A1, M1) phenotypes in response to cytokines, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)/damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation, and NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome signaling. Crucially, many of these phenotypic transitions arise during the earliest stages of neurodegeneration, when glial dysfunction precedes overt neuronal loss and may act as a primary driver of disease onset. This review critically examines glial-centered hypotheses of neurodegeneration, with emphasis on their roles in early disease phases: (i) microglial polarization from an M2 neuroprotective state to an M1 proinflammatory state; (ii) NLRP3 inflammasome assembly via P2X purinergic receptor 7 (P2X7R)-mediated K
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.