Evidence mapPaperPMID 41465600Full record

ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2025

Post-Translational Modifications in Respiratory Virus Infection: Recent Insights into the Development of In Vitro Models.

Emna Ben Khlifa, Alessia Campese, Andrea Corsi, Cristina Bombieri, Maria Grazia Romanelli, Maria Teresa Valenti, Donato Zipeto, Matteo Castelli, Patricia Marie-Jeanne Lievens, Alessandra Ruggiero

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Emna Ben KhlifaDepartment of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-3562-6401
Alessia CampeseDepartment of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy.ORCID 0009-0001-7023-8183
Andrea CorsiDepartment of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-7482-3251
Cristina BombieriDepartment of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-0295-5938
Maria Grazia RomanelliDepartment of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-7360-1195
Maria Teresa ValentiDepartment of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-1166-8033
Donato ZipetoDepartment of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-2168-4144
Matteo CastelliLaboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy.
Patricia Marie-Jeanne LievensDepartment of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-4439-1106
Alessandra RuggieroDepartment of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-1041-7489

Funding

MUR - Excellence Project 2023-2027 Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences of the University of VeronaNextGenerationEU, MUR n. 972 CUP B53D23003410006the PRIN 2022 (NextGenerationEU, MUR n. 972) CUP B53D23003290001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are crucial chemical alterations occurring on proteins post-synthesis, impacting various cellular processes. During viral infections, PTMs are shown to play a multitude of roles in viral replication, host interaction, and immune evasion. Thus, these modifications can influence infectivity, with direct impact on the anti-viral host immune responses and potentially viral adaptation across species. This field is still scarcely explored, whilst understanding PTMs is not only important to advance the knowledge of virus pathology but also potentially to provide insights for vaccine development. In this review, we attempt to summarize the latest findings mainly published over the last 10 years, focusing on the roles of PTMs involved in virus infection and anti-viral immune responses, in the context of relevant human respiratory infections: influenza A virus (IAV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and SARS-CoV-2. We decided to concentrate on these three viruses because they currently represent a global health problem due to recurrent outbreaks and pandemic potential. A deeper characterization of the PTMs may help in understanding virus-host interaction with possible implications on curative strategies. Further, we will report on cutting-edge technologies to study in vitro virus infection in different cellular-based systems. In particular, we describe and discuss the application of 2D and 3D lung organoid cell-culture systems as in vitro models to mimic respiratory environments and to study the PTMs in a controlled setting. Finally, we will discuss the importance of PTMs in the context of next-generation vaccine design, especially for their potential role to offer effective protection against respiratory viruses.

Indexed as

Protein Processing, Post-TranslationalRespiratory Syncytial Virus InfectionsRespiratory Tract InfectionsAnimalsCOVID-19Host-Pathogen InteractionsHumansInfluenza A virusSARS-CoV-2Virus Replicationemerging respiratory virusesorganoidspost-translational modificationsvirus–host interactionvirus infection

Identifiers

PMID41465600
PMCPMC12733716

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.