Observational studyMedicine2025
A retrospective analysis of BMI/TP ratio and its predictive role in gestational hypertension outcomes.
Observational study in Medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Nutritional status and protein metabolism play key roles in maternal adaptation to pregnancy and may influence outcomes in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The body mass index to total protein (BMI/TP) ratio may capture the balance between adiposity and protein reserves. This retrospective study included 306 pregnant women diagnosed with gestational hypertension at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China, between January 2022 and December 2023. Participants were stratified into high and low BMI/TP groups based on a threshold of 0.5. Clinical characteristics and biochemical parameters were compared between groups. Cox proportional hazards models were applied to evaluate the association between the BMI/TP ratio and pregnancy survival, adjusting for relevant covariates. Subgroup analyses assessed potential effect modification by age, obesity, and comorbidities. Among 306 pregnant women (mean age = 31.8 ± 5.6 years), those with higher BMI/TP ratios exhibited significantly greater BMI, serum albumin, C-reactive protein, and total protein levels (all P < .05). Restricted cubic spline analysis demonstrated a nonlinear, U-shaped association between BMI/TP ratio and pregnancy survival (P for nonlinearity < .01). Both low (<0.4) and high (>0.5) BMI/TP ratios were associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, whereas moderate ratios (approximately 0.4-0.5) showed the lowest mortality risk. These associations remained significant in multivariable Cox regression (hazard ratio = 0.30, 95% confidence interval 0.16-0.57, P < .001) and were consistent across subgroups defined by obesity, maternal age ≥35 years, and comorbid disease. The BMI/TP ratio is a simple and cost-effective biomarker that reflects the balance between maternal metabolic and nutritional status. It demonstrates a nonlinear, U-shaped association with pregnancy survival in gestational hypertension, indicating that both nutritional deficiency and metabolic excess may contribute to adverse outcomes. This ratio may serve as a useful prognostic indicator for individualized risk assessment and clinical management in hypertensive pregnancies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.