ArticleBMC medical education2025
Assessing patient-centeredness among medical students in Bahrain: the Arabic translation and validation of the Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale (PPOS).
Article in BMC medical education, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundPerson-centered care (PCC) emphasizes a collaborative, empathetic approach to healthcare, which marks a significant shift from the traditional, hierarchical biomedical model. The Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale (PPOS) is a validated tool used to assess attitudes toward PCC. However, no prior studies have evaluated such attitudes among medical students in Bahrain or adapted the PPOS to the Arabic language. This study aims to assess patient-centered attitudes among medical students at the Arabian Gulf University (AGU) in Bahrain, examine variations based on socio-demographic factors and academic year, and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Arabic translated PPOS (A-PPOS).
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted at the College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, using the PPOS. The scale was translated into the Arabic language following WHO guidelines. A comprehensive sampling technique was used, targeting medical students of all six medical school years. A total of 540 student questionnaires were included in the study. The internal consistency of the scale was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, while the underlying structure was checked through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses.
resultsThe mean PPOS score was 3.90 ± 0.47, suggesting moderate patient-centeredness. Female students scored significantly higher than males across all domains (p < 0.001). No significant differences were found based on academic year or parental background. The internal consistency of the A-PPOS was low (α = 0.517), and factor analyses did not confirm the scale’s original two-factor structure, showing six different underlying factors instead.
conclusionOur sample of medical students shows a moderate orientation toward PCC, with gender differences favoring females. The Arabic PPOS showed limited reliability and construct validity, indicating the need for cultural tailoring and improvement. Incorporating PCC principles into medical education remains vital for encouraging effective, patient-focused healthcare.
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